<p>Sredna Gora  is a mountain range in central Bulgaria, situated south of and parallel to the Balkan mountain range  and extending from the Iskar River to the west and the elbow of Tundzha north of Yambol to the east. Sredna Gora is 285 km long, reaching 50 km at its greatest width. Its highest peak is Golyam Bogdan at 1,604 m.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is divided into three parts by the rivers Topolnitsa and Stryama — a western (Zapadna or Ihtimanska Sredna Gora), a central (Sashtinska Sredna Gora) and an eastern part (Sarnena Gora).</p><br>
<p>The fauna of Sredna Gora is relatively poor compared to other regions of Bulgaria, with typical Central European species being present.</p><br>
<h2>Prehistoric mine</h2><br>
<p>The copper ore used for the manufacture of the Varna culture artifacts originated from a Sredna Gora mine near Stara Zagora. Varna culture flourished in 4400-4100 BC.</p><br>
<h2>Honour</h2><br>
<p>Srednogorie Heights on Graham Land in Antarctica are named after Sredna Gora.</p><br>
<p>The Valle di Comino is a valley in the province of Frosinone, in Lazio in central Italy. It runs from San Biagio Saracinisco to Vicalvi and is adjacent to the Abruzzi mountains. It grossly corresponds to the upper valley of the Melfa river, which runs through it before joining the Liri.</p><br>
<p>Its economy is based on the production of wine, olive oil, cheese and wheat, and on animal husbandry (sheep and bovinae).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to tradition, the name of the valley can be traced to ancient Cominium, destroyed in 293 BC. In Livy&#39;s History of Rome, there are early references to Cominium as the site of a battle between the Samnites and the Romans. Some suggest that the town of San Donato is the ancient Cominium, others believe the battle site was at Vicalvi.</p><br>
<p>The area was however already settled in prehistoric times; later it was inhabited by Osco-Sabellian tribes. Its main center was Atina, mentioned in Virgil&#39;s Aeneid. In the Middle Ages, numerous castles were built in the valley, which was part of the Lombard Duchy of Spoleto, the Principality of Capua and the county of Aquino, until it became part of the Norman unified Kingdom of Naples. For a period it was also contented between the monasteries of Monte Cassino and San Vincenzo al Volturno. Later it was a fief of families such as the Aquino, Cantelmo, Borgia and Gallio.</p><br>
<p>Lake Greeson is a reservoir on the Little Missouri River, about 6 mi north of Murfreesboro, Arkansas, United States. Famous for its scenery and recreation, it is surrounded by 15 parks that offer opportunities for camping, fishing, boating, biking, and swimming.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The lake is created by Narrows Dam, named after the area in which it is located, "The Narrows". Lake Greeson is named after developer Martin White Greeson. The lake also contains Daisy State Park.</p><br>
<p>Lake Greeson has been recognized by its rich variety of fish, which include: Striped Bass, largemouth, spotted, white bass, flathead and channel catfish. The area below Narrows Dam has a mighty supply of rainbow trout. Other game species exist around Lake Greeson beside fish. Rabbits, squirrels, bobwhite quail, whitetail deer can also be found around the Lake Greeson area. A 35,000 acre Lake Greeson Public Hunting Area can be found west of the lake and provides good hunting areas for hunters.</p><br>
<p>Lake Greeson provides 45 mi of walking, nature, and cycling trails that are there for public use. At the Parker Creek Recreational Area there is a nature walk trail that lets you experience the nature and beauty around an old Cinnabar Mine. The Cinnabar Mine was a popular mine during the 1930s and 40&#39;s before the lake was made in 1950. The Bear Creek Cycle Trail allows riders to experience 31 mi of breathtaking beauty around the lake. The trail takes riders across pine covered forest and natural rolling hills.</p><br>
<p>Lake Greeson is next to the small town of Murfreesboro, which is next to the Crater of Diamonds State Park. The area around Murfreesboro is full of recreational areas.</p><br>
<p>Martin White Greeson who was born on November 7, 1866 was the main developer of Lake Greeson. Lake Greeson was basically made to prevent flooding of the Little Missouri River. Construction on the lake began in April 1947, but the first bucket of concrete wasn&#39;t poured until June 1948. The lake was then finished in 1950 and dedicated in 1951.</p><br>
<h2>Statistics</h2><br>
<p>Drainage Area Controlled: 237 mi² (614 km²)</p><br>
<p>Conservation Pool Elevation: 504 ft (154 m)</p><br>
<p>Conservation Pool Storage: 77,600 ac·ft (96,800,000 m³)</p><br>
<p>Conservation Pool Surface Area: 2,500 ac (10 km²)</p><br>
<p>Conservation Pool Shoreline: 70 mi (110 km)</p><br>
<p>Power Pool Storage: 202,100 ac·ft (0.2493 km³)</p><br>
<p>Max. Power Pool Elevation: 548 ft (167 m)</p><br>
<p>Max. Power Pool Shoreline: 134 mi (216 km)</p><br>
<p>Max. Power Pool Surface Area: 7,260 acres (29.4 km²)</p><br>
<p>Flood Control Pool Elevation: 563 ft (172 m)</p><br>
<p>Flood Control Pool Storage: 128,200 ac·ft (158,100,000 m³)</p><br>
<p>Flood Control Pool Surface Area: 9,800 ac (40 km²)</p><br>
<p>Flood Control Pool Shoreline: 155 mi (250 km)</p><br>
<p>Total Storage: 407,900 ac·ft (503,100,000 m³)</p><br>
<p>Maximum Height Of Dam: 190 ft (58 m)</p><br>
<p>Average Yearly Generated Energy Output Of Dam: 30.4 GW·h (109 TJ)</p><br>
<p>Psychro Cave  is an ancient Minoan sacred cave in Lasithi plateau in the Lasithi district of eastern Crete. Psychro is associated with the Diktaean Cave , one of the putative sites of the birth of Zeus; other legends place it as the Idaean Cave on Mount Ida. According to Hesiod, Theogony 477, Rhea gave birth to Zeus in a cave of Mount Aegaeon, near Lyttos; since the late nineteenth century the cave above the modern village of Psychro has been identified with this sanctuary.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Psychro is 1,025 metres above sea level. The cave is located in the prefecture of Lasithi.</p><br>
<h2>Myth</h2><br>
<p>The Dictaean cave is famous in Greek mythology as the place where Amalthea, nurtured the infant Zeus with her goats milk. The archaeology attests to the sites long use as a place of cult worship. The nurse of Zeus, who was charged by Rhea to raise the infant Zeus in secret here, to protect him from his father Cronus (Krónos) is also called the nymph Adrasteia in some contexts. It is one of a number of caves believed to have been the birthplace or hiding place of Zeus. The mountains, of which the cave are part, are known in Crete as Dikte.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The cave was first excavated in 1886 by Joseph Hatzidakis, President of the Syllogos at Candia, and F. Halbherr. In 1896, Sir Arthur Evans investigated the site.</p><br>
<p>In 1899, J. Demargne and David George Hogarth of the British School at Athens conducted further investigations; Hogarth&#39;s brief report published in 1900 gives a picture of the destruction wrought by primitive archaeological methods: immense fallen blocks from the upper cave roof were blasted before removal; the rich black earth had been previously ransacked. The stuccoed altar in the upper cave was discovered in 1900, surrounded by strata of ashes, pottery and "other refuse", among which were votive objects in bronze, terracotta, iron and bone, with fragments of some thirty libation tables and countless conical ceramic cups for food offerings. Bones among the ash layer attest to sacrifice of bulls, sheep and goats, deer and a boar.</p><br>
<p>The undisturbed lowest strata of the upper cave represented the transition between Late Minoan Kamares ware to earliest Mycenaean levels; finds represented the Geometric Style of the ninth century BCE, but few later than that. More recent excavation has revealed the use of the cave reached back to Early Minoan times, and votive objects attest to the cave&#39;s being the most frequented shrine by Middle Minoan times (MM IIIA).</p><br>
<p>The lower grotto falls steeply with traces of a rock-cut stair to a pool, out of which stalactites rise. "Much earth had been thrown down by diggers of the Upper Grotto," Hogarth reported, "and this was found full of small bronze objects." In the vertical chinks of the lowest stalactites, Hogarth&#39;s team found "toy double-axes, knife-blades, needles, and other objects in bronze, placed there by dedicators, as in niches. The mud at the edge of the subterranean pool was also rich in similar things and in statuettes of two types, male and female and engraved gems."</p><br>
<p>In 1961, the art historian and archaeologist John Boardman published the finds uncovered by these and other excavations.</p><br>
<p>While clay human figurines are normally found in peak sanctuaries, Psychro and the sanctuary on Mount Ida stand out as the only sacred caves that have yielded human figurines. Psychro is also a unique sacred cave for a bronze leg, also known as a votive body part, which is the only votive body part to be found in a sacred cave. More common sacred cave finds at Psychro include stone and ceramic lamps.</p><br>
<p>Psychro yielded an uncommon number of semi-precious stones, including carnelian, steatite, amethyst, jasper and hematite.</p><br>
<p>Psychro&#39;s artefacts are now on display at the Heraklion Museum, the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, the Louvre and the British Museum.</p><br>
<p>Arkalochori  is a town and a former municipality in the Heraklion regional unit, Crete, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Minoa Pediada, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 237.589 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The town lies on the western edge of the Minoa Pediada plain, west of the Lasithi plateau, in central Crete. It contains the archaeological site of a Minoan sacred cave. The sacred cave was used from the third millennium to ca 1450 BCE, when the natural ceiling collapsed, fortuitously protecting some of the votive deposits there.</p><br>
<h2>Town details</h2><br>
<p>Located near Partira, the town is 32 km south of Heraklion and at the 2011 census the municipal unit had a population of 10,476 inhabitants.</p><br>
<p>Arkalochori is 3 km south from the recently discovered Minoan palace at the small village of Galatas. G. Rethemiotakis has associated the votive objects of the Arkalochori cave with the Galatas palace.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology and the Arkalochori cave</h2><br>
<p>The Arkalochori cave first came to scholarly attention in 1912, when peasants collected 20 kilos of Bronze Age weapons from the cave (known locally as "the treasure hole") and sold them for scrap metal in the port town of Candia (Iraklion). The ephor Iosif Hatzidakis, the first explorer of the central cave chamber of three, discovered masses of bronze votive weapons and a silver labrys (double axe).</p><br>
<p>No gold was reported to the Ministry until 1934, when a child found a gold labrys that had been unearthed by a rabbit; the village turned out to rifle the site. Prof. Spyridon Marinatos immediately took charge of the site and discovered the side chambers, which had been blocked with debris from the collapse of the cave&#39;s natural roof. There were found, undisturbed, hundreds of bronze axes—twenty-five gold ones and seven silver ones—a hoard of bronze long swords, the longest (to 1.055 m) discovered in Europe, and daggers and gold simulacra of weapons, cast "bun" ingots of copper alloy, a small altar, and pottery sherds that enabled the deposits to be given a date range of continuous occupation from the late third millennium BCE to Late Minoan II (ca. 1500 to 1425 BCE).</p><br>
<p>The warlike implements, both actual weapons and their votive simulacra, are in strong contrast to the entirely peaceable finds at other Minoan cave sites. The cave was not forgotten after the collapse, and votive offerings continued to be deposited at its mouth. The hill has remained sacred, though now associated with the prophet Elias.</p><br>
<p>At the Arkalochori cave, among the bronze and gold double axes, the second-millennium bronze Arkalochori Axe was excavated by Marinatos and Edith Eccles from 1934 to 1935. It has been suggested that markings on the axe might be Linear A, but Professor Glanville Price agrees with Louis Godart that "the characters on the axe are no more than a pseudo-inscription engraved by an illiterate in uncomprehending imitation of authentic Linear A characters on other similar axes."</p><br>
<p>The Psychro cave also contained labrys votive offerings.</p><br>
<p>The Steuben Memorial State Historic Site is a historic location in the eastern part of Steuben, Oneida County, New York, that honors Baron von Steuben, the "Drillmaster of the American Revolution". The land in this part of Oneida County was part of a 16,000 acre land grant made to von Steuben for his services to the United States. He used the land for his summer residence, and is buried at the memorial, a "Sacred Grove".</p><br>
<p>The site includes the memorial tomb and reconstructed log cabin (1937) and several smaller elements, including a stone bearing a memorial plaque, a series of historic markers, and a landscaping structure.</p><br>
<p>Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>and The site also offers a picnic area, scenic views, tours, re-enactments, educational assistance, and demonstrations.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Wildsee is a small lake within an area of bog between Bad Wildbad and Gernsbach, high in the Northern Black Forest mountain range in southwestern Germany. The lake is fed by rain water. It is part of the Kaltenbronn Nature Reserve.</p><br>
<p>The area has a geological base of sandstone. The sandstone developed a rich brown soil, which originally allowed the European Beech to grow. In the later development of forestry, the Norway Spruce and European Pine (Pinus sylvestris) were introduced. These three tree species can be found in the vicinity of the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Wildsee is located at a height of on a plateau between Bad Wildbad, Gernsbach and Forbach. The surface area of the lake has been estimated as 2.3 hectares since work in the early 20th century by Karl Müller. More recent data from the Baden-Württemberg State Office for the Environment, Survey and Conservation estimates its area as 1.15 hectares. Immediately adjacent is the smaller Hornsee (0.43 hectares). The nearest settlement with road links is Kaltenbronn, about 2 kilometres to the southwest. The boundary between the municipalities of Gernsbach (county of Rastatt) and Bad Wildbad (county of Calw) runs through the Wildsee and its associated nature reserve. The Hornsee belongs to Gernsbach.</p><br>
<h2>Formation</h2><br>
<p>At the end of the last ice age (about 10,000 years ago), impervious, bunter sandstone beds and high levels of precipitation caused the formation of the boggy terrain in this area. As a result of incomplete decomposition, a peat layer, up to eight metres thick, was formed in the Wildsee Bog (Wildseemoor). The thicker the peat layer, the lower the supply of nutrients for plants growing on it. The result is a vegetation of relatively undemanding plants (shrubs, mosses, cottongrasses).</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>The bog landscape, including the Wildsee and the Hornsee, is a near-natural raised bog with bog forests that have been placed under protection (Wildseemoor Nature Reserve, 183.2 ha), in order to encourage the development of the raised bog, and pine and spruce forest ecosystems on its perimeter, with their special animal and plant species. In addition, the region around the lake is protected as Bannwald (Wildseemoor Bannwald, 291 ha). With the Hohlohsee Nature Reserve and surrounding areas of protected forest, the Wildseemoor has been merged since 2000 into the Kaltenbronn Nature and Forest Reserve (1,750 ha).</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The moorland landscape is crossed by a board walk built by the Black Forest Club, which passes directly over the lake. The waymarks of the Middle Way hiking trail from Pforzheim to Waldshut lead around the nature reserve.</p><br>
<p>Lake Diefenbaker is a reservoir and bifurcation lake in Southern Saskatchewan, Canada. It was formed by the construction of Gardiner Dam and the QuAppelle River Dam across the South Saskatchewan and QuAppelle Rivers respectively. Construction began in 1959 and the lake was filled in 1967. The lake is 225 km long with approximately 800 km of shoreline. It has a maximum depth of 66 m, while the water levels regularly fluctuate 3–9 metres  each year. Lake Diefenbaker provides water for domestic irrigation and town water supplies. The flow of the two rivers is now regulated with a considerable portion of the South Saskatchewan diverted into the QuAppelle. Prior to the dams construction, high water levels in the South Saskatchewan would frequently cause dangerous ice conditions downstream in Saskatoon while the Qu&#39;Appelle would frequently dry up in the summer months.</p><br>
<p>Lake Diefenbaker is the largest body of water in southern Saskatchewan, although Last Mountain Lake is the largest naturally occurring one.</p><br>
<p>Lake Diefenbaker was named after John G. Diefenbaker, former Prime Minister of Canada.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Three Provincial Parks and various Regional park are located on the shores of Lake Diefenbaker: Danielson Provincial Park, Douglas Provincial Park, Saskatchewan Landing Provincial Park and Palliser Regional Park, among others.</p><br>
<p>Recreational activities include fishing, boating and camping. The town of Elbow, Saskatchewan contains a marina for boat storage and house boat rental.</p><br>
<p>The only remaining ferry on the lake is the Riverhurst Ferry, a cable ferry that operates across Lake Diefenbaker near Riverhurst, Saskatchewan.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Lake Diefenbaker is home to 26 native and stocked fish species. These include burbot, walleye, northern pike, lake whitefish, lake trout, sauger, goldeye, cisco, yellow perch, rainbow trout, lake sturgeon, longnose sucker, white sucker and shorthead redhorse. Both the current world-record rainbow trout and world-record burbot were caught in the lake. The lake itself along with Battle Creek (Milk River) are the only two bodies of water in Saskatchewan that support a reproducing population of rainbow trout.</p><br>
<p>The lake&#39;s sandy beaches provide appropriate habitat for the endangered piping plover.</p><br>
<p>The long stretches of open water and poorly consolidated shore materials makes the shores vulnerable to erosion. Between 1968 and 1992 bank recession rates have commonly ranged up to 3 metres a year with higher rates in exposed areas.</p><br>
<p>Titirangi is a hill in Gisborne city, New Zealand. It is also known as Kaiti Hill, but this refers to the first ridge overlooking Poverty Bay and Gisborne. The hill is an ancestral site of the Ngati Oneone hapū  in Gisborne. It is at the base of this hill that Captain James Cook came ashore, after first sighting New Zealand in October 1769.</p><br>
<p>The 33 ha Titirangi Reserve is a tourist attraction; the hill has a Cook monument, a pohutukawa tree planted by Diana, Princess of Wales, the James Cook Observatory, a fitness course, a park, and four lookouts over Gisborne city and Poverty Bay. Other features include a World War II gun emplacement, a summit track and nature trails. At the base of the hill is the marae Te Poho-o-Rawiri, the home of Ngati Oneone, which was built by Master-carver, Pine Taiapa.</p><br>
<p>Queen Mary&#39;s Peak is the summit of the island of Tristan da Cunha, in the South Atlantic Ocean. It has an elevation of 2,062 metres  above sea level. It is named after Mary of Teck, the Queen consort of King George V. It is the highest point of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is the peak of the massive shield volcano which forms the island. A 300 m wide summit crater caps the peak, and it contains a heart-shaped crater lake. This lake is normally frozen during the winter, and the upper slopes of the volcano are covered in snow.</p><br>
<p>The only recorded eruption began on 10 October 1961 from a vent on the north shore of the island, and continued into March 1962. The entire population of the island (264) had to be evacuated and did not return until 1963.</p><br>
<p>Queen Mary&#39;s Peak was used by sailors on the route from Europe to the Indian Ocean and beyond as a navigational aid. In the 17th century the East India Company instructed captains to sail via Tristan. In 2004, Ellen MacArthur sighted the Peak on her record-breaking circumnavigation of the world.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing the peak</h2><br>
<p>The first known attempt to climb the peak was in 1793 by the French naturalist Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars, but this was without success. However, from this expedition hundreds of plants were collected and catalogued. In January 1817 the first successful climb was made to the peak. Today, Queen Mary&#39;s Peak makes a wonderful but steep climb and can take 5 to 10 hours, depending on the capability of the walker. The walk and climb is allowed only when accompanied by a local guide.</p><br>
<p>Queen Mary&#39;s Peak is the brand name for Tristan da Cunha island knitwear, which is exported to New Zealand.</p><br>
<p>Mount Arbel  is a mountain in The Lower Galilee near Tiberias in Israel, with high cliffs, views of Mount Hermon in the Golan Heights, trails to a cave-fortress, and ruins of an ancient synagogue. Mt. Arbel sits across from Mount Nitai; their cliffs were created as a result of the Jordan Rift Valley and the geological faults that produced the valleys.</p><br>
<p>There are four villages on the mountain: Kfar Zeitim, Arbel, Kfar Hittim, and Mitzpa. The peak, at 181 metres above sea level (380 metres above the surrounding area), dominates the surroundings (much of the area is below sea level) and from the lookout atop the mountain, almost all of the Galilee into the Golan Heights including Safed, Tiberias and most of the Sea of Galilee, is visible.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Nearby are the ruins of an ancient Jewish settlement with a synagogue from the fourth century CE with pews and columns.</p><br>
<p>Dug into the mountain itself are a number of cave dwellings, expanded from natural caves. There are documented Jewish cliff dwellings dating back to the Second Temple period in the area. The extant fortification walls protecting some of these caves are from the 17th century and were built by Ali Bek, son of the Druze emir Fakhr ad-Din al-Ma&#39;ani. Josephus writes about how Herod the Great, with the help of Roman soldiers, defeated some of the last rebels who supported the Hasmonean king Antigonus and had taken refuge in the cliffs of Mt Arbel.</p><br>
<p>It is also Josephus who, writing about himself in the third person, tells us about his deeds at the beginning of the First Jewish–Roman War in the year 66 CE:</p><br>
<p>The caves on the steep northern side were reused in the Ottoman period by the Druze Maani dynasty to create the cave castle known as Qalat Ibn Ma&#39;an.</p><br>
<h2>Nature reserve and national park</h2><br>
<p>The area was declared a nature reserve in 1967, covering 1400 dunams. The national park (8509 dunams) includes most of Nahal Arbel, that begins near Eilabun and empties into the Sea of Galilee near Migdal. The reserve covers the immediate area around the cliff.</p><br>
<p>On the south side of the cliff, there is a gradual prolonged climb through agricultural and pasture land and from the peak there is a steep 400 meters drop. From here there are metal handholds driven into the rock to aid those who want to make the climb down to the valley below. Below that are a series of switchbacks that eventually lead to the Bedouin village of Hamaam.</p><br>
<p>Mt. Arbel, with its 110-metre vertical drop, is the only known mountain in Israel to serve as a base jumping site. A hike to the top of Mount Arbel from the south is included in the Israel National Trail, and an approach from the west is part of the Jesus Trail; the trails converge temporarily at the peak.</p><br>
<p>Polillo is an island in the northeastern region of the Philippine archipelago. It is separated from Luzon Island by the Polillo Strait and forms the northern side of Lamon Bay.</p><br>
<p>The island itself is subdivided across three municipalities. The municipality of Polillo covers the southern portion of the island, while the northeastern part is administered by the municipality of Burdeos. The northwest is within the jurisdiction of the municipality of Panukulan. The island is also home to the Butaan lizard, a vulnerable relative of the Komodo dragon.</p><br>
<p>As of the 2010 Philippine Census, the island is home to 64,802 individuals.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-16th century, Spaniards came to the island and there they built a chapel. They took charge of the management of the island and many changes and development they brought there upon their times.</p><br>
<p>Cheddar Reservoir is an artificial reservoir in Somerset, England, operated by Bristol Water. Dating from the 1930s it has a capacity of 135 million gallons . The reservoir is supplied with water taken from the Cheddar Yeo river in Cheddar Gorge. The inlet grate for the 54 in water pipe that is used to transport the water can be seen immediately upstream from the sensory garden in Cheddar Gorge. It lies to the west of the village of Cheddar and south east of the town of Axbridge. It is roughly circular in shape, and surrounded by large earth banks which are grazed by sheep.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir was built by Sir Robert McAlpine and completed in 1937. It was the first British reservoir to permit sailing.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (Ref No:1003948) due to its wintering waterfowl populations. Two car parks give access to the reservoir; one is at the Axbridge end, and on the eastern side, accessible from Cheddar. Two water towers are present, one at the Cheddar end, and one at the Axbridge end. Bristol Corinthians sailing club is situated at its northern end. Other recreational activities at the reservoir include windsurfing, angling (for pike, tench, roach, perch and eels), and birdwatching.</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir, which has an area of 105.4 hectare, is attractive to waterbirds, in particular wintering wildfowl and gulls.</p><br>
<p>Wildfowl present regularly in winter include mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), gadwall (Anas strepera), tufted duck (Aythya fuligula), common pochard (Aythya ferina), Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope), common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) and goosander (Mergus merganser). A large flock of coot (Fulica atra) is present, and great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) is also numerous.</p><br>
<p>Because of its proximity to the Bristol Channel, storm-blown seabirds are occasionally found here, including shag, grey phalarope, and divers and grebes.</p><br>
<p>A moderately sized gull roost has attracted glaucous, Iceland and ring-billed gulls on multiple occasions.</p><br>
<p>A number of rare and scarce vagrant birds have been seen at Cheddar Reservoir, mainly waterfowl and shorebirds. Up to 2004 the following species had occurred:</p><br>
<h2>Second reservoir</h2><br>
<p>Bristol Water has long identified Cheddar as the site for a new reservoir.</p><br>
<p>In 2007 it announced that the new reservoir would be one of the options considered in its Draft 2009 Water Resources Plan.</p><br>
<p>The new reservoir would hold 6,000 million litres, roughly the same size as the existing reservoir, which it would be based alongside.</p><br>
<p>In October 2012 survey work started on the new reservoir to the south of the existing one, with a planning application scheduled for December 2013.</p><br>
<p>Store Skagastølstind  is the third highest peak in Norway. It is situated on the border between the municipality of Luster and Årdal in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. The 2,405 m mountain is part of the Hurrungane range. The mountains Vetle Skagastølstind and Midtre Skagastølstind lie immediately to the north of this mountain and the mountains Sentraltind and Jervvasstind lie immediately to the east of this mountain.</p><br>
<p>The summit is a popular destination for mountaineers, but it is fairly difficult to climb. The first ascent was made by William Cecil Slingsby on 21 July 1876. There are a number of different routes, the most popular being Heftyes renne (Heftyes couloir). Another popular route of ascent is via Andrews renne (Andrews couloir), used in the first ascent of A. W. Andrews and party in 1899. Store Skagastølstind and the mountaineering of the late 19th century in Norway is traditionally linked to the historical hotel Turtagrø.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The first element is the genitive of the name of the mountain farm Skagastølen and the last element is tind which means "mountain peak". The mountain farm (dairy farm) Skagastølen belongs to the farm Skagen in Luster and stølen is the finite form of støl which means "mountain farm". Skagen is the finite form of skage which means "headland" or "promontory" and the name is equivalent with the famous Skagen in Denmark. Store or Storen means "The Big".</p><br>
<h2>Disputes</h2><br>
<p>Slingsbys first ascent in 1876 was hailed as a major achievement, and Johannes Heftye soon felt it eclipsed his own first ascent of Store Knutsholstinden the year before. He set out to ascend Storen in 1880 and successfully used the popular route that is now named after him to reach the summit. This route is significantly more difficult than Slingsbys route, and also more difficult than Heftye&#39;s own route on Store Knutsholstind, however, Heftye downplayed this achievement to emphasize his own first ascent. His main claim was that Store Knutsholstind was at least as difficult as Storen, thus, must be regarded a first grade mountain.</p><br>
<p>While Heftyes route on Store Knutsholstind may have been slightly more difficult than Slingsbys route on Storen, Heftye was at the time unaware that there were an easier route on Store Knutsholstind. Slingsby was approached by Marie Sønstenes, a woman who lived on farm near Store Knutsholstind, who claimed that she knew a straightforward route. Together, they ascended the mountain by this route. Heftye, who was very outspoken against female mountaineers, was humiliated and deeply offended.</p><br>
<p>The Newberry Opera House, located in Newberry, South Carolina, is a fully restored historic building that is a live-performance space for popular artists, touring theatre companies, and local organizations. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<p>Designed in the French Gothic style, the first floor of the building was used by the town government for offices, a jail, and the fire company, which had one engine there. The upper floor was designed as a theater and supporting spaces. For years it attracted national touring companies, individual performers and a variety of theatre acts. It later was adapted also for use as a movie theater, but showed its last movie in 1952. It was restored beginning in 1998, in a project that included an addition to enable its use for full theatrical productions.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed in the French Gothic style as both a place of entertainment and as a seat of government for the city. The building, completed in 1881 and dedicated in 1882, had a clock tower 130 ft topped with a garfish weather vane.</p><br>
<p>The original design called for the first floor to house the fire engine room, town council chambers, a clerk’s office, a police officer, and three jail cells. The second floor contained a hall with 426 seats, 53 by 52 ft in size. Also on this floor were a ticket office, a "green room", a cloakroom, and three dressing rooms. Drop curtains and seven scenes or sets for the stage were available. One scene, a landscape, survived to the late 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The Opera House quickly became known as "the entertainment center of the Midlands". Touring companies of New York City plays, minstrel and variety shows, famed vocalists and lecturers, magicians and mind readers, novelty acts and boxing exhibitions all were featured there. It was used not only by professional performers, but also by the community for meetings, dances, college commencement exercises, and musicals. Notable artists, such as Edwin Booth, John Barrymore and his family, and Tallulah Bankhead are known to have performed there.</p><br>
<p>The first film shown there was Birth of a Nation (1915), a silent movie, and others followed. The early Edison “Talkies," using a phonograph record for sound, were introduced in the 1920s. Slowly, movies replaced the stage shows. In the 1920s, the Opera House was remodeled as a movie theater.</p><br>
<p>In 1952, after the showing of The Outlaw, the Opera House was closed as a movie theater. During the movie era, the original horseshoe-shaped balcony was reduced in size, this restricted seating across the back of the auditorium to blacks only; the state had racial segregation in facilities. The city added an outdoor open stairway which they required blacks to use for entry. Since the mid-1960s, such public facilities have been integrated.</p><br>
<p>By 1959, there was talk about tearing the building down, but the hall was still used for community purposes, and the city used the first floor. In 1969, the Newberry Historical Society promoted the preservation of the Opera House, as did several other community groups. In 1970, the building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>After the City of Newberry vacated the building in the mid 1990s, the Newberry Opera House Foundation was established to assess restoration. Recognizing the lack of performance spaces in the Midlands, it consulted with experts about a proposed project. Since proceeding with a restoration plan, it has managed fundraising and operations of the facility, which it leases from the city.</p><br>
<p>The exterior restoration and window replacement was completed in 1994, and the interior renovation began in 1996. It included restoration of the horseshoe-shaped balcony. An additional 10,000 ft&sup2; was added to the original building in order to create a full theatrical production facility: a new loading dock, an elevator, a second stage for rehearsal, and dressing rooms. The total cost of the renovation was approximately $5.5 million. Architects for the renovation and addition were of Greenville, South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>A variety of theatrical touring companies and live-performance artists from Willie Nelson to Michael Bolton, the Newberry Ballet Guild, South Carolina Opera Company and Asheville Lyric Opera have all performed there, keeping the hall busy. It has a maximum capacity of 426. It is also used for performances by Newberry College and other community institutions.</p><br>
<p>South Carolinians Josh Turner, Edwin McCain, Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs, and Chubby Checker have all performed at the Newberry Opera House in recent years. The Charlie Daniels Band, The Tams, Art Garfunkel, and Arlo Guthrie have also performed at the Opera House in recent years.</p><br>
<p>The Quirimbas Islands lie in the Indian Ocean off northeastern Mozambique, close to Pemba, the capital of the province of Cabo Delgado. The archipelago consists of about 32 islands, including Ibo, Matemo, Medjumbe, Quirimba, Metundo, Quisiva, Vamizi Island and Rolas Island all going up to the Tanzanian border.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally home to fishing settlements, the islands&#39; population grew around Arab trading posts and thrived under the Portuguese trading routes when it was known as the Ilhas de São Lázaro (Islands of St. Lazarus) during the 16th century. When the Portuguese started occupying cities in the islands such as Ibo, the Arab merchants fled to other parts of the island to operate in. Today, many of the islands are inhabited. On May 23, 2014, a mudspill was reported off shore near the Quirimbas Islands which was caused by a drilling rig operated by Anadarko Petroleum Corporation.</p><br>
<p>These islands are known for their diving sites, some up to 400 meters.</p><br>
<p>The Quirimbas National Park, spanning an area of 7,500 km&sup2, includes the 11 most southerly islands, which are partly surrounded by mangroves. The park was established in 2002 as a protected area.</p><br>
<h2>World Heritage Status</h2><br>
<p>The Quirimbas Islands are currently on the tentative list for becoming a UNESCO World Heritage Site which was submitted in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Williamsport Falls is a waterfall near the center of the town of Williamsport, the county seat of Warren County, Indiana. With a height of 90 ft, it is the second highest waterfall in Indiana. Fremont Falls in Hanover is 108 ft tall, making it 18 ft taller than Williamsport Falls.</p><br>
<p>Fall Creek flows through the town between the old part of the town (nearer the river) and the newer part (established when the railroad was constructed through the area). Near the point where Monroe Street crosses the railroad, the creek falls over a sandstone ledge. The actual height of the waterfall has changed somewhat over the years, as pieces of the ledge have sheared off and fallen to the bottom of the falls. Below the falls, sandstone used to be quarried and was used to build the foundations of many local buildings.</p><br>
<p>The water flow was sufficiently substantial in the 19th century to support a mill located below the falls; but the flow is less consistent now, and the falls are frequently quiet. This is due to the conversion of woodlands and grasslands to intensive mechanized farming and the diversion of natural water flows to impoundments used to provide reliable water supplies for irrigation and other purposes. A feasibility study on providing a steady flow of water was conducted, but the expense was determined to be too great.</p><br>
<p>Glen Eyrie is an English Tudor-style castle built in 1871 by General William Jackson Palmer, the founder of Colorado Springs. There are 17 guest rooms  in the castle, as well as 7 meeting rooms to include the Castle Great Hall  and 2 dining rooms in the castle . This house was his and his wife&#39;s dream home and is near Colorado Springs in the northwest foothills just north of the Garden of the Gods rock formations . After building a large carriage house, where the family lived for a time, Palmer and his wife Mary  Mellen built a 22-room frame house on the 800 acre estate. This house was remodeled in 1881 to include a tower and additional rooms, and made to resemble a stone castle in 1903, reminiscent of those native to England.</p><br>
<p>Queen Palmer, at age 21, opened the first public school in Colorado Springs in November 1871. The Palmers had three daughters, Elsie, Dorothy, and Marjory.</p><br>
<p>In 1880, Mrs. Palmer suffered a mild heart attack and was advised to move to a lower altitude. She and the girls moved to the East Coast and then to England where General Palmer visited them as often as he could. Queen died on December 28, 1894, at the age of 44. In sorrow, General Palmer went to England to return Mrs. Palmer&#39;s remains and the girls to Colorado Springs. They at this time decided to tear down their home and in memory of his wife because she so enjoyed the feel of a castle home they re-built the 33,000 square foot castle for her.</p><br>
<h2>Glen Eyrie's use today</h2><br>
<p>Glen Eyrie is an English Tudor-style castle built by General William Jackson Palmer, the founder of Colorado Springs. There are 17 guest rooms in the castle, as well as 4 meeting rooms, 2 dining rooms, and 24 fireplaces. The castle has several features that were advanced for its time, including a primitive intercom system and a chimney system that would hold the smoke until the wind was blowing in the right direction to take the smoke out of the valley. Glen Eyrie is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The castle is now owned by The Navigators. It is open for public tours and events, and can be rented for private programs.</p><br>
<p>Events hosted at the castle include English and Victorian teas throughout the week and Christmas Madrigal Banquets beginning after Thanksgiving. Glen Eyrie also puts on marriage getaways, men retreats, women retreats, family conferences, and much more. To check up on their upcoming programs and different retreats you will need to visit their.</p><br>
<p>Glen Eyries location at the base of Queens Canyon leaves it vulnerable to flash floods, a risk that increased after the 2012 Waldo Canyon Fire. The fire did no damage to the Glen Eyrie grounds, but it stripped the vegetation from Queen&#39;s Canyon. Over a million dollars in flood mitigation has since provided two debris nets and a wider, deeper, concrete and cinder block reinforced creek bed, which allows water to flow at 2,000 cubic feet per second through the grounds at Glen Eyrie.</p><br>
<p>Lake Moeris  is an ancient lake in the northwest of the Faiyum Oasis, 80 km southwest of Cairo, Egypt. In prehistory, it was a freshwater lake, with an area estimated to vary between 1,270 km²  and 1,700 km² .</p><br>
<p>It persists today as a smaller saltwater lake called Birket Qarun. The lake&#39;s surface is 43 m (140 ft) below sea-level, and covers about 202 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>It is a source for tilapia and other fish from the local area.</p><br>
<p>The prehistoric mammal Moeritherium was found in this area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When the Mediterranean Sea was a hot dry hollow near the end of the Messinian Salinity Crisis in the late Miocene, Faiyum was a dry hollow, and the Nile flowed past it at the bottom of a canyon (2,400 m deep or more where Cairo is now). After the Mediterranean reflooded at the end of the Miocene, the Nile canyon became an arm of the sea reaching inland farther than Aswan. Over geological time that sea arm gradually filled with silt and became the Nile valley.</p><br>
<p>Eventually, the Nile valley bed silted up high enough to let the flooding Nile overflow into the Faiyum hollow, making a lake in it. The lake is first recorded from about 3000 BC, around the time of Menes (Narmer), however, for the most part it would only be filled with high flood waters. The lake was bordered by neolithic settlements, and the town of Shedet grew up on the south where the higher ground created a ridge.</p><br>
<p>In 2300 BC, the waterway from the Nile to the natural lake was widened and deepened to make a canal that now is known as the Bahr Yussef. This project was started by Amenemhat III, or perhaps, by his father Senusret III. This canal fed into the lake. This was meant to serve three purposes: control the flooding of the Nile, regulate the water level of the Nile during dry seasons, and serve the surrounding area with irrigation. There is evidence of ancient Egyptian pharaohs of the twelfth dynasty using the natural lake of Faiyum as a reservoir to store surpluses of water for use during the dry periods.</p><br>
<p>The immense waterworks undertaken by the ancient Egyptian pharaohs of the twelfth dynasty to transform the lake into a huge water reservoir gave the impression that the lake was an artificial excavation, as reported by geographers and travellers during classical times. The lake was eventually abandoned due to the nearest branch of the Nile shrinking from 230 BC.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The name Moeris is a Greek version (reformed as if from Greek Μοῖραι "the Fates") from Egyptian mer-wer ‘great canal’. Amenemhat III, who started this project was also known as Moeris. In ancient Egypt, the lake was also variously called ‘the lake’, ‘pure lake’, and ‘Osiris’ lake’. During the Middle Kingdom, the whole area around the lake was often referred to as mer-wer as well. Similarly, the Late Egyptian word Piom ‘sea’, originally restricted to Lake Moeris, came to be used to refer to the city of Crocodilopolis (mod. Faiyum), then to the entire region in later times.</p><br>
<p>Suitilla or Suj Tilla West is a Himalayan peak located on the eastern side of Uttarakhand state in Pithoragarh District of India. The peak is located above the junction of Kalabaland, Sankalp and Yankchar glaciers. Ralam Dhura pass is situated to the south of this peak, which connects Ralam valley to Darma valley.</p><br>
<p>This peak is characterised by steep ice-flutings and sharp ridges, so named as Peak of needles. This peak was first climbed in 2001 by an Indo-British joint expedition by two Britishers Graham Little and Jim Lowther. The Indian navy team was led by Lt. Cdr. Satyabrata Dam. The climbers who made the summit are Divyesh Muni, Lt. Amit Pande, Sherpa Nima Dorje, Lt. K S Balaji, Lt. Amit Rajora, Chera Rajkumar, A. Chaudhury, Sherpa Tsange, Puri and Nima Thondup. The most popular route to the summit is through the south west face.</p><br>
<p>About 200 m away from Suj Tilla West is Suj Tilla East (6394 m). This peak is still unclimbed due to multiple cornices on the ridge.</p><br>
<p>The River Creedy is a small river in Devon, England. It gives its name to the local town or ton of Crediton, which is on its west bank, and to several local historic estates, namely Creedy Hilion, Creedy Peitevin  and Creedy Park, in the parish of Sandford, also to the Benefice of North Creedy. Just below the town, the river merges with the River Yeo and it ends where it meets the River Exe at Cowley Bridge. The river is overlooked by Fordy Wood Copse a 0.64 hectare woodland owned and managed by the Woodland Trust.</p><br>
<p>The name is believed to be of Celtic origin, but views of its precise origin differ. According to one source it derives from a root meaning winding. Another view holds that it means shrinking, as compared with the more powerful Yeo.</p><br>
<p>The Barossa Range  is a mountain range located in the Australian state of South Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The range is a part of the southern Mount Lofty Ranges and the western slopes primarily fall into the Barossa Valley. As such, the range is the main source for the North Para River and its tributary Jacob&#39;s Creek. The highest point of the range is Mount Kaiser Stuhl with an elevation of 588 m and forms part of the Kaiserstuhl Conservation Park.</p><br>
<h2>Naming</h2><br>
<p>The range was named by Colonel William Light in 1837 after the Barrosa Range in Spain, to which it he thought it similar. The Spanish range was the site of the Battle of Barrosa and was won by Light&#39;s friend Lord Lynedoch in 1811. Thus named, the range was the source of many other local place names, such as the Hundred of Barossa and better-known Barossa Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Settled features</h2><br>
<p>The Heysen Walking Trail and the Mawson Cycling Trail both traverse the range.</p><br>
<p>It is also home to some of the many wineries in the region, including those in Eden Valley.</p><br>
<p>Acharavi  is a settlement in the northern coast of Corfu, Greece. The area offers a view of the Albanian coast.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Acharavi belongs to the community of Agios Panteleimonas (pronounounced: Agios Padeleimonas, Άγιος Παντελέημονας). The formerly independent community of Agios Panteleimonas is nowadays one of the ten official sections of the municipal unit of Thinali. Etymologically, the name Acharavi consists of the Greek words Achari Hebe (pronounounced: Ahari Ivi, Greek: Άχαρη Ήβη) meaning "ungracious life/youth". Originally it was called Hebe and was an ancient Greek city, possibly named after the daughter of Zeus, Hebe. The city was destroyed in 32 BC by the Roman Emperor Octavian and was thus renamed from the city of life "Hebe" into the city of "Ungracious Life" Acharavi. After World War II and the Greek Civil War, its village was mainly rebuilt. Location of village is at 39°4721.4" N, 19°48&#39;50.7"E.</p><br>
<p>Lake Callabonna is a dry salt lake with little to no vegetation located in the Far North region of South Australia. The 160 km&sup2</p><br>
<p>The lake is an important site for late Pleistocene fossils. It is within the extent of the Strzelecki Desert Lakes Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance for waterbirds when holding water in the aftermath of floods.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first pastoralists in the area were the Ragless brothers in 1881, who moved there from the northern Flinders Ranges, opening a sheep-run. In January 1892 Fred Ragless came across a number of giant skeletons embedded in the dry surface of the lake. An expedition partly funded by Sir Thomas Elder and E. C. Stirling, director of the South Australian Museum, was organised. After several visits, Stirling and A. H. C. Zietz collected a large number of diprotodon and dromornithidae skeletons. The area was designated a Fossil Reserve in 1901, and access is restricted.</p><br>
<h2>Protected area status</h2><br>
<h3>Strzelecki Regional Reserve</h3><br>
<p>The northern end of Lake Callabonna is within the boundary of the Strzelecki Regional Reserve.</p><br>
<h3>Lake Callabonna Fossil Reserve</h3><br>
<p>Lake Callabonna is the location of a site where the “articulated skeletons of Diprotodon,” an extinct species of marsupial, were found in the late 19th century by the South Australian Museum. The site is considered to have “a very high palaeontological significance.” A fossil reserve was dedicated in 1901 under state law which currently in force as of 2002 as the Crown Lands Act 1929 with administrative responsibility lying with the South Australian Museum. In 2002, it pointed out that the lake received “negligible management effort as a Fossil Reserve under the Crown Lands Act 1929” and that proclamation under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 may provide a higher level of protection against “degradation arising from uncontrolled access.” It was listed on the South Australian Heritage Register on 13 February 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Arctic Cape  is a headland in Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.</p><br>
<p>With a distance of 990.7 km to the North Pole, the Arctic Cape is sometimes used as starting point for expeditions to the North Pole.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Stretching out towards the Arctic Ocean by the Molotov Glacier, it is the northernmost point of Komsomolets Island, which in turn is the northernmost island of the archipelago. Under Joseph Stalin the cape was known as Cape Molotov.</p><br>
<p>The Arctic Cape is not the northernmost point of Russia. That distinction goes to Cape Fligely (mys Fligeli) on Rudolf Island (ostrov Rudolfa), an island in the Franz Josef Land archipelago. The northernmost point of mainland Asia is Cape Chelyuskin.</p><br>
<p>This cape also marks the Kara Sea&#39;s northeastern limit, which is the eastern end of a line running from Cape Kohlsaat in Franz Josef Land to the Arctic Cape.</p><br>
<p>Chi Ma Wan is a bay on southeastern Lantau Island, New Territories, Hong Kong. Chi Ma Wan Peninsula is where Chi Ma Wan, as well as Cheung Sha Wan, Tai Long Wan, Yi Long Wan and Mong Tung Wan are located. The Peninsula is located within the boundaries of Lantau South Country Park.</p><br>
<h2>Correctional institutions</h2><br>
<p>The Chi Ma Wan Correctional Institution is near Cheung Sha Wan on the peninsula. Established in 1956, it is the first open prison in Hong Kong. It is not currently in use.</p><br>
<p>The Christian Zheng Sheng College, a school providing correctional services for students, is also located on the peninsula. It is a private institution not affiliated with the Hong Kong Correctional Services Department (HK CSD).</p><br>
<h2>The Sea Ranch</h2><br>
<p>The Sea Ranch is a housing estate developed by Hutchison Whampoa Properties in the late 1970s at Yi Long Wan on Chi Ma Wan Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>The Sea Ranch is only reachable from the sea as it is located on the coastline of the Lantau South Country Park and has no road access. Ferries from Central Ferry Piers no. 5 in Central to Cheung Chau take 30 minutes, then another ferry from Cheung Chau to the Sea Ranch takes 15 minutes. The ferry from Cheung Chau is free for residents and their invited guests, as the cost is included in the management fee paid by the residents. Only residents and their guests are allowed to visit the property.</p><br>
<p>There are no shops or restaurants within the estate and for this reason it is unique in Hong Kong. The original clubhouse and sporting facilities have been closed for a number of years and the estate is now a tranquil and peaceful enclave on the South Lantau coast.</p><br>
<p>Lubbock Lake Landmark, also known as Lubbock Lake Site, is an important archeological site and natural history preserve in the city of Lubbock, Texas. The preserve is 336 acres and is a protected state and federal landmark. There is evidence of ancient people and extinct animals at Lubbock Lake Landmark. It has evidence of nearly 12,000 years of use by ancient cultures on the Llano Estacado. It is run by the Museum of Texas Tech University.</p><br>
<p>Visitors can watch active archeological digs. Volunteers from around the world help with the ongoing excavations each summer, and local people can volunteer also, making the site accessible for non-scientists. There are both guided and self-guided tours offered throughout the year. The landmark&#39;s hours of operation are Tuesday-Saturday from 9am-5pm, and Sunday from 1pm-5pm.</p><br>
<p>The site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is a designated National Historic and State Archeological Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lubbock Lake is located in a meander of the Yellow House Draw also known as "Punta de Agua", a tributary of the Brazos River, near ancient springs. People on the Llano Estacado used the water resources in the draw until those resources went dry in the early 1930s. In 1936, the City of Lubbock dredged the meander in an effort to make it a usable water supply. These efforts were unsuccessful, but brought to light the archeological significance of the site. Today, there is very little standing water and no actual lake at the site.</p><br>
<p>The first explorations of the site were conducted in 1939 by the West Texas Museum, now the Museum of Texas Tech University. In 1936, Clark Kimmel and Turner Kimmel found projectile points from the Firemen&#39;s Reservoir. In the late 1940s, several Folsom Period (10,800-10,300 years ago) bison kills were discovered. At one location of an ancient bison kill from a then unidentified Paleo-Indian group, charred bison bones produced the first ever radiocarbon date, which is still the most accurate form of dating for Paleo-Indian material (about 9,800 years old).</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The bedrock of Lubbock Lake is part of the Blanco Formation, which is a subset of Pleistocene deposits. Here, it is composed mostly of a large deposit of lake sediments about two million years old. Above the Blanco Formation is the Blackwater Draw Formation, a sheet of wind-deposited sediment that covers most of the region. This deposit slowly accumulated between 1 million and 50,000 years ago. The dune, in the northeastern section of Lubbock Lake, contains sediments and buried soils from at least 36,000 years ago. Yellow House Draw had developed by 20,000 years ago, cutting through the Blackwater Draw Formation and into the Blanco Formation. By about 12,000 years before the present (10,000 BCE), the draw had cut a bend about 15 meters (49 feet) deep in the area of the Landmark.</p><br>
<p>Evidence points to a drying trend occurring at Lubbock Lake over the last 11,000 years. The geologic record begins with stream deposits, followed by lake sedimentation, and finishes between 6,500 and 4,500 years ago with the deposit of windblown sediments during a period of severe drought. After 4,500 years ago, the climate became much like it is now, with only minor changes in the past 2,000 years.</p><br>
<h2>Archeology</h2><br>
<p>The site clearly shows many levels of cultural deposits that can be dated accurately due to the presence of clear geological stratigraphy (layers of various sediments representing different periods of time). From these deposits, nearly 175 radiocarbon dates are available. The Lubbock Lake Landmark exhibits a virtually complete cultural sequence from the Clovis Period to historic times. These periods are easily distinguished due to the separation of sediment layers containing cultural material by sterile layers where sediment lacks artifacts.</p><br>
<p>Each layer represents a different time period, water regime, group of plants and animals, group of peoples, and climate and environment covering the past 12,000 years of history and prehistory. The time of people in North America generally is divided into five cultural periods, all of which are represented at Lubbock Lake Landmark.</p><br>
<p>Paleolithic Cultural Periods:</p><br>
<p>The Paleo-Indian Period:</p><br>
<p>Clovis (11,500-11,000 years ago)</p><br>
<p>Folsom (10,800-10,300 years ago)</p><br>
<p>Plainview (10,000 years ago)</p><br>
<p>Firstview (8,600 years ago)</p><br>
<p>Neolithic to Modern Cultural Periods:</p><br>
<p>Archaic (8,500–2000 years ago)</p><br>
<p>Ceramic (2,000–500 years ago)</p><br>
<p>Protohistoric (500–300 years ago)</p><br>
<p>Historic (300 years ago to modern times)</p><br>
<h2>Cultural periods represented</h2><br>
<p>Paleo-Indian</p><br>
<p>Material from the Clovis Period has been found on a gravel bar of the once active stream in the ancient river valley. Excavations have uncovered the remains of several extinct animals: mammoth, two types of horse, camel, ancient bison, giant short-faced bear, and giant pampathere (armadillo-like animal). This material has been recovered from an area where secondary butchering of parts of carcasses took place and mammoth bones were broken to secure pieces to use or make into tools. Folsom and later Paleo-Indian peoples hunted and killed ancient bison around the ponds and marshes in the draw. Locations where bison were both killed and butchered are called kill/butchering locales. Hunters were known to disguise themselves as wolves, and slowly creep up on the bison before springing up and attacking.</p><br>
<p>Archaic</p><br>
<p>The Archaic Period of the Llano Estacado is poorly understood. Several bone beds containing bison and pronghorn remains have been found in the windblown and stream deposits of this stratum at the Landmark. A bison kill dating from the Early Archaic and a baking "oven" dating to the Middle Archaic have been discovered. This oven actually was a large oval pit that contained burned rock and ash. The absence of bone has led researchers to believe it was used for processing vegetal matter. Radiocarbon dating has determined the oven to be about 5,000 years old. Several Late Archaic camps have been uncovered. A camp generally is represented by hearths (campfires), scattered hearthstones, discarded tools, and scattered remains of small animals consumed as food.</p><br>
<p>Ceramic</p><br>
<p>Broken Puebloan and Mogollon tradeware pottery have been found in the Ceramic levels. Archaeological features include camp sites with scattered stone tools, flakes (small segments of stone that are the result of tool making), broken bones, and hearths. Excavation of processing stations from this period have produced the remains of modern bison, coyote, wolf, and pronghorn.</p><br>
<p>Protohistoric</p><br>
<p>The Protohistoric Period is a transitional one. It extends from the time just prior to contact through first contact with Europeans. Spanish explorers were in the area during the later Protohistoric Period, but their presence had no detectable influence on the native cultures or archaeological remains. The Apaches are known to have been in the area from at least 1450 to the mid-18th century.</p><br>
<p>Historic</p><br>
<p>The Historic Period begins when contact with Europeans was established. Excavated Historic deposits indicate the presence of modern horse, as well as metal and glass. The Apache were displaced from the area by the Comanches who roamed the Llano Estacado from the mid-18th century to the 1870s. Information derived through excavation of sites from these time periods can be compared to historical records to provide a clearer understanding of the lifeways and population movements of these native peoples.</p><br>
<p>Evidence of Anglo-American habitation has been found in the most recent archaeological deposits. Some of these artifacts reflect the use of this area by the buffalo hunters in the 1870s. Artifacts such as rifle cartridges, metal hardware, square nails, buttons, and a ginger beer bottle represent George Singer&#39;s store and home of the early 1880s. The Singer Store was the first commercial business for the area. Located at the edge of what was then called Long Lake and the crossing of two military trails, the store was built near the springs as a trading post for early settlers and cattle ranchers in the area. It was in operation from 1881-1886 when it burned down; the store was rebuilt further downstream. The Singer Store was the beginning of the modern city of Lubbock.</p><br>
<p>Lake Ritsa  is a lake in the Caucasus Mountains, in the north-western part of Abkhazia, Georgia, surrounded by mixed mountain forests and subalpine meadows. Its water is cold and clear. Mountains with heights of 2,200 to 3,500 m surround the lake. The region around Lake Ritsa is a part of the Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests ecoregion with a fairly high concentration of evergreen boxwood groves. Many specimens of the Nordmann Fir, which reach heights of over 70 metres , are found around the lake.</p><br>
<p>In 1930 the Ritsa Nature Reserve (162.89 km) was established to protect the natural state of the lake and the surrounding land. The road from the Black Sea coast was built in 1936. The lake was an important tourist attraction during the Soviet period. It is still frequented by Russian tourists.</p><br>
<p>Lake Ritsa is one of the deepest lakes in Georgia (116 m), and is rich in trout. The average annual temperature in the area is 7.8 degrees Celsius (January −1.1 °C, August 17.8 °C). The mean annual precipitation is approx. 2,000 - 2,200 mm. Winters are sometimes snowy, summers warm.</p><br>
<p>Lake Ritsa is fed by six rivers and drained by one, the Iupshara River. The resort of Avadhara lies to the north of the lake. The Soviet leader Joseph Stalin had one of his summer-houses (dacha) by the lake. Today this dacha belongs to the Abkhazian government.</p><br>
<h2>Ritsa-related legends</h2><br>
<h3>Ritsa's origin</h3><br>
<p>In ancient times there was a valley and a river at the site of the modern lake. A girl named Ritsa lived there with three brothers Agepsta, Atsetuka and Pshegishkha. Ritsa used to pasture her animals in the valley and her brothers hunted in the high mountains by day and returned to the valley in the evening, where they ate, sang songs, and admired their sister.</p><br>
<p>Once the brothers went too far into the mountains. Ritsa missed them and sang. The forest robbers Gega and Iupshara heard her and decided to kidnap her. Iupshara caught her and rode down the valley, while Gega covered his flank. Ritsa&#39;s brothers heard her crying and came to the rescue.</p><br>
<p>Pshegishkha threw a sword at the robbers, but he missed and the sword flew over the river. The valley was filled with water and turned into a lake. Ritsa broke from Iupsharas grip, but fell into the lake. The brothers couldnt save her. Then Pshegishkha threw the robber Iupshara into the lake, but Ritsas water wouldnt accept him and threw out him over Pshegishkhas sword and the water carried him away to the sea. Gega ran after Iupshara, but he didnt manage to rescue him.</p><br>
<p>Out of grief, the brothers turned into mountains, and today they are still standing here to protect the resting-place of Ritsa.</p><br>
<h3>Goodbye, Motherland!</h3><br>
<p>In the 1930s, during the construction of Stalins&#39;s dacha, soldiers carried building materials by the lacet. Once, in the most dangerous place, one truck fell down from the lacet. As the truck was falling, the driver cried: "Goodbye, Motherland!" ("Прощай, Родина!"). So, today this place is named "Goodbye, Motherland!" among drivers.</p><br>
<p>St. Malachy Roman Catholic Church is a parish church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located in Manhattan on West 49th Street, between Broadway and Eighth Avenue. The parish has served the theatre community in a special way since 1920, and its parishioners have included a large number of celebrities in the field of acting, such as Bob Hope and Gregory Peck.</p><br>
<h2>Founding</h2><br>
<p>The parish was founded in 1902 by Archbishop Farley, with the Rev. William Daly being named the first pastor. Services were soon being held in a basement sanctuary. The current church complex was designed by prolific ecclesiastical architect, Thomas J. Duff, and built the following year.</p><br>
<h2>The Actors' Parish</h2><br>
<p>Around 1920 the Theater District started to move uptown into this area, and actors, dancers, and musicians became prominent worshipers at the church, replacing the traditional, working class congregants. To answer their needs, the pastor, Monsignor Edward F. Leonard, had the Chapel of St. Genesius, the patron saint of actors – commonly called the "Actors&#39; Chapel" – constructed below the main church in 1920. He sought the special permission of the Archbishop of New York for Masses to be celebrated there at 4 A.M. (which was banned by canon law at the time) to accommodate the non-standard schedules of theater workers and thus make worship convenient for them.</p><br>
<p>St. Malachy soon became a primary place of worship for the entertainment community. It gained worldwide attention when the church was the setting for the funeral of Rudolph Valentino, as well as of the wedding of Douglas Fairbanks Jr. to Joan Crawford. Celebrity worshipers were often in attendance, as well as theater goers, and the nearby location of Madison Square Garden during that time helped to provide a steady stream of visitors. Until the late 1960s average monthly attendance at Sunday services totaled some 16,000 people. The churchs chimes would play "Theres No Business Like Show Business."</p><br>
<h2>Changing neighborhoods</h2><br>
<p>By 1968, the neighborhood was undergoing a drastic change as the theatre community started to move out and the area became home to a community plagued by poverty and drugs. Madison Square Garden moved away. Most who stayed were elderly and poor. Many were held virtually under siege in decaying single room occupancy hotels or in tenements with a tub in the kitchen and a shared bathroom in the hallway.</p><br>
<p>Msgr. Thomas J. O&#39;Brien was brought from a parish in the South Bronx to help deal with the new realities of the neighborhood. He was succeeded by the Rev. George W. Moore in 1976, who created a new model of pastoral outreach. Under his pastorate, the church "expanded its mission to the elderly, poor, homeless, and home-bound." In 1991, after 25 years as pastor, Moore was awarded a Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre for his service to the elderly of the theater district. He received it shortly before his death from cancer.</p><br>
<h2>List of pastors</h2><br>
<p>The Rev. William G. B. Daly (1902–1906)</p><br>
<p>The Rt. Rev. Msgr. Joseph Francis Delany (1906–1917)</p><br>
<p>The Rev. Lawrence E. Murray III (1917–1920)</p><br>
<p>The Very Rev. Msgr. Edward F. Leonard (1920–1937)</p><br>
<p>The Rt. Rev. Msgr. James B. O&#39;Reilly (1941–1960)</p><br>
<p>The Rev. Msgr. Thomas J. O&#39;Brien (1966–1976)</p><br>
<p>The Rev. George W. Moore (1976–1991)</p><br>
<p>The Rev. Michael C. Crimmins (1991–2001)</p><br>
<p>The Rev. Erno Diaz (2001–2003)</p><br>
<p>The Rev. Richard D. Baker (2003–)</p><br>
<h2>Notable ceremonies</h2><br>
<p>Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., married Joan Crawford</p><br>
<p>Walter O&#39;Malley married Katherine Hanson</p><br>
<p>Rudolph Valentino&#39;s funeral</p><br>
<p>Tennessee Williams&#39; funeral</p><br>
<p>Bunny Berigan&#39;s funeral</p><br>
<h2>Celebrity worshipers</h2><br>
<p>Fred Allen</p><br>
<p>Don Ameche</p><br>
<p>George M. Cohan</p><br>
<p>Perry Como</p><br>
<p>Irene Dunne</p><br>
<p>Jimmy Durante</p><br>
<p>Chris Farley</p><br>
<p>Alec Guinness</p><br>
<p>Florence Henderson</p><br>
<p>Hildegarde</p><br>
<p>Bob Hope</p><br>
<p>Ricardo Montalban</p><br>
<p>Pat O&#39;Brien</p><br>
<p>Carroll O&#39;Connor</p><br>
<p>Gregory Peck</p><br>
<p>Cyril Ritchard</p><br>
<p>Rosalind Russell</p><br>
<p>Elaine Stritch</p><br>
<p>Danny Thomas</p><br>
<p>Spencer Tracy</p><br>
<p>The Makgadikgadi Pan , a salt pan situated in the middle of the dry savanna of north-eastern Botswana, is one of the largest salt flats in the world. The pan is all that remains of the formerly enormous Lake Makgadikgadi, which once covered an area larger than Switzerland, but dried up several thousand years ago.</p><br>
<h2>Location and description</h2><br>
<p>Lying southeast of the Okavango Delta and surrounded by the Kalahari Desert, Makgadikgadi is technically not a single pan but many pans with sandy desert in between, the largest being the Sua (Sowa), Nwetwe and Nxai Pans. The largest individual pan is about 1,900 square miles. In comparison, Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia is a single salt flat of 4,100 square miles, rarely has much water, and is generally claimed to be the world&#39;s largest salt pan. A dry salty clay crust most of the year, the pans are seasonally covered with water and grass, and are then a refuge for birds and animals in this very arid part of the world. The climate is hot and dry but with regular annual rains.</p><br>
<p>The main water source is the Nata River, called Amanzanyama in Zimbabwe, where it rises at Sandown about 37 mi from Bulawayo. A smaller amount of water is supplied by the Boteti River from the Okavango delta.</p><br>
<p>These salt pans cover 6,200 square miles in the Kalahari Basin and form the bed of the ancient Lake Makgadikgadi, which evaporated many millennia ago. Archaeological recovery in the Makgadikgadi Pan has revealed the presence of prehistoric man through abundant finds of stone tools; some of these tools have been dated sufficiently early to establish their origin as earlier than the era of Homo sapiens. Pastoralists herded grazing livestock here when water was more plentiful earlier in the Holocene.</p><br>
<p>The lowest place in the basin is Sua Pan with an elevation of 2,920 feet.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>As the ancestral Lake Makgadikgadi shrank, it left relict shorelines, which are most evident in the southwestern part of the basin. As the lake shrank numerous smaller lakes formed with progressively smaller shorelines. The relict shorelines at elevations of 3100 feet and 3018 feet can be seen mostly easily on Gidikwe Ridge, west of the Boteti River.</p><br>
<p>The geologic processes behind the formation of the basin are not well understood. It is conjectured that there was a gentle down-warping of the crust, with accompanying mild tectonics and associated faulting; however, no significant plate boundary faults have been identified. The main axis of the developing graben runs northeast-southwest.</p><br>
<p>Kubu Island and Kukome Island are igneous rock "islands" in the salt flat of Sua pan. Kubu Island lies in the southwestern quadrant of Sua Pan, contains a number of baobab trees, and is protected as a national monument.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>The pans themselves are salty desert whose only plant life is a thin layer of blue-green algae. However the fringes of the pan are salt marshes and further out these are circled by grassland and then shrubby savanna. The prominent baobab trees found in the area function as local landmarks. One of them, named after James Chapman, served as an unofficial post office for 19th-century explorers.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Very little wildlife can exist here during the harsh dry season of strong hot winds and only salt water, but following a rain the pan becomes an important habitat for migrating animals including wildebeest and one of Africas biggest zebra populations, and the large predators that prey on them. The wet season also brings migratory birds such as ducks, geese and great white pelicans. The pan is home of one of only two breeding populations of greater flamingos in southern Africa, and only on the Soa pan, which is part of the Makgadikgadi pans. The other breeding population is at Etosha, in the Northern part of Namibia. The only birds here in the dry season are ostriches, chestnut-banded plover (Charadrius pallidus) and Kittlitzs plover (Charadrius pecuarius).</p><br>
<p>The grasslands on the fringes of the pan are home to reptiles such as tortoises, rock monitor (Varanus albigularis), snakes and lizards including the endemic Makgadikgadi spiny agama (Agama hispida makgadikgadiensis).</p><br>
<p>The region&#39;s salt water is home to the cladoceran crustacean Moina belli.</p><br>
<h2>Threats and preservation</h2><br>
<p>The salt pans are very inhospitable and human intervention has been minimal so they remain fairly undisturbed, although land surrounding the pans is used for grazing and some areas have been fenced off, preventing the migration of wildlife. Modern commercial operations to extract salt and soda ash began on Sua Pan in 1991, and there are also plans to divert water from the Nata River for irrigation, which would cause severe damage to the salt pan ecosystem. Another threat is the use of quad bikes and off-road vehicles by tourists, which disturbs breeding colonies of flamingos. Illegal hunting in the national parks is a persistent problem.</p><br>
<p>There are some protected areas within the Makgadikgadi and Nxai Pan National Park. The Makgadikgadi Pans Game Reserve is the scene of large migrations of zebra and wildebeest from the Boteti River across to Nwetwe Pan, while the Nata Sanctuary in Sua Pan is a place to see birdlife and antelopes. In Nxai Pan the baobabs painted by 19th century British artist Thomas Baines are still visible. The area can be accessed between the towns of Nata and Maun, or from the town of Gweta.</p><br>
<p>Tylisos  is a town and a former municipality in the Heraklion regional unit, Crete, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Malevizi, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 131.064 km&sup2;. Population 2,867 in 2011. It is an ancient Minoan peak sanctuary and town. The Municipality of Tylisos was created in 1999 and includes 11 villages. The economy is based on agriculture, mainly grape cultivation  and olive cultivation. At the same time stock farming of sheep, goats and chickens and beehive farms are abundant.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Tylisos was excavated 1909-1913 by Joseph Hadzidakis, 1953-1955 by Nicholas Platon and in 1971 by A. Kanta. The town was in use Early Minoan II to Late Minoan IIIA, and the peak sanctuary,excavated in 1963 by Alexiou was in use until at least Late Minoan IA. Structures include houses, a cistern and an aqueduct with clay pipes. Excavation finds have included a pithos with Linear A inscriptions, stone horns, and clay human and animal figurines.</p><br>
<p>There are also a significant number of caves including the Kamilari Cave, Hainospilios Cave, Trapeza Cave, Doxa and Arkaliospilio. There are also two gorges which are namely: the Almiros gorge, the Gonies gorge.</p><br>
<p>Agrotourism is also a very popular among visitors all year round. Arolithos village, Ktima Kares and Agrotikon are the most visited sites for this and other leisure activities.</p><br>
<p>Also nearby is Sklavokampos.</p><br>
<p>Mont Sainte-Odile  is a 760-metre-high peak in the Vosges Mountains in Alsace in France, immediately west of Barr. The mountain is named after Saint Odile. It has a monastery/convent at its top called the Hohenburg Abbey, and is notable also for its stone fortifications called "the Pagan Wall." In 1992, it was the site of an Airbus crash.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mountain and its surroundings contain evidence of Celtic settlements. The mountain enters recorded history during the Roman times; a fortress was supposedly destroyed by the Vandals in 407. In the second half of the 9th century, when Vikings attacked the Low Countries, which had been recently converted to Christianity and were governed from Utrecht, the Utrecht bishops went into exile and stayed for a while in Mont Sainte-Odile."Utrecht," in</p><br>
<p>At least since the 19th century, its beauty has been celebrated and the mountain, with convent and pagan wall, is often included in tourist guides, incl. Baedeker&#39;s.</p><br>
<h2>Hohenburg Abbey</h2><br>
<p>The convent is said to have been founded by Adalrich, Duke of Alsace, in honor of his daughter, Saint Odile, about the end of the 7th century, and it is certain that it existed at the time of Charlemagne. Destroyed during the Middle Ages, it was rebuilt by Premonstratensians at the beginning of the 17th century. It was acquired later by the bishop of Strasbourg, who restored the building and the adjoining church in 1853.</p><br>
<p>A famous manuscript, the Hortus Deliciarum, was compiled in the convent.</p><br>
<h2>The Pagan Wall</h2><br>
<p>The Pagan Wall (Heidenmauer, Mur païen) is a huge construction about 10 km long which encircles Mont Sainte Odile. It is composed of about 300,000 blocks, between 1.6 m and 1.8 m wide and up to 3 m high. The origins and date of the wall are still disputed, with some claiming that it is a 3,000-year-old druid construction and more recent research suggesting that it dates from the 7th century AD, about the time that the convent was built. The designation "Pagan" is attributed to Pope Leo IX.</p><br>
<h2>Airbus crash</h2><br>
<p>At 7:20 pm on 20 January 1992, Air Inter Flight 148, an Airbus A320, crashed on a ridge near Mont Sainte-Odile. There were 87 casualties and 9 survivors.</p><br>
<h2>In art and literature</h2><br>
<p>A 2000 poem, "Return to St. Odilienberg, Easter 2000," by the American poet Claire Nicholas White, is inspired by the abbey.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, local author, Thierry Burkard published an adventure story entitled "Odilia Codex" in French. https://www.amazon.com/Odilia-Codex/dp/2842081811/ref=cm_rdp_product</p><br>
<p>Pandua is a ruined city in the Malda district of the Indian state of West Bengal. Pandua is now almost synonymously known as Adina, a small town located about 18 km North of Malda Town.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city was probably founded by Sams-ud-Din Firuz Shah. In 1339, Ala-ud-Din Ali Shah transferred his capital from the nearby (and now ruined) town of Lakhnauti or Gaur (32 km from Pandua) to Pandua. Later, Haji Shamsuddin Iliyas Shah, the first independent Sultan of Bengal, made the city the capital of his (unified) Bengal Sultanate. However, Pandua&#39;s glory was short-lived. In 1453, the capital was transferred back to Gaur by Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah, perhaps necessitated by a change in the course of the river on which Pandua stood.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Pandua is located at 25.13&deg;N latitude, 88.16&deg;E longitude.</p><br>
<h2>Monuments</h2><br>
<p>The monuments of Pandua were built in the Bengal provincial style of the Indo-Islamic architecture. Pandua&#39;s most celebrated monument is the Jami Mosque or the Adina Mosque, which was described by James Fergusson as the finest example of Pathan architecture in existence, though some believe it to be a conversion of a temple. This great mosque (similar in plan to the great mosque at Damascus) was built by Sikandar Shah in 1369. Other important monuments of this city are the Eklakhi mausoleum (the mausoleum of Jala-ud-Din Muhammad Shah) and the Qutb Shahi Mosque (built in the memory of Sufi saint Nur Qutb-ul-Alam). The Eklakhi mausoleum is a single-domed square type of structure, whose fabric is of brick, occasionally interspersed with hornblende slabs collected from older Hindu monuments. Pandua is now (like Gaur) almost entirely given over to the wilderness.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church is a Lutheran church located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a designated State Historic Site. The building was also declared a Milwaukee Landmark in 1967.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Trinity&#39;s congregation was founded by German immigrants of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod in 1847, and is the oldest church associated with that synod in the city.</p><br>
<p>Members of the Trinity Church established St. Stephen Lutheran Church in 1853, in order to serve parishioners south of the Menomonee River. These two churches, along with members of St. John&#39;s Evangelical Lutheran Church, helped to seed a number of other Lutheran churches in the area.</p><br>
<p>The congregation&#39;s first building was on 4th Street between Wells and Kilbourn from 1847 through 1851. Its second building, from 1851 to 1878, was at 4th and Wells.</p><br>
<p>The current building was designed by architect Frederick Velguth in German Romanesque/Gothic Revival style and built in 1878. It uses Cream City brick, a distinct light colored brick manufactured locally, along with sandstone details on the façade. The cruciform structure is 145 ft long, 89 ft wide, and 54 ft tall. It features three towers, the tallest of which is a landmark 200 ft spire. Notable of the church&#39;s interior is the historic Schuelke organ in the rear gallery, containing some 1,600 pipes. The total cost was $43,500, of which $3,500 was for the organ.</p><br>
<p>German architecture of this type is typical of the historic structures found in and around downtown Milwaukee, including parts of the neighboring Pabst Brewery complex.</p><br>
<p>Construction of a new church office building and conference center began in September 2005, after the old office (the former parsonage) was razed the previous year. This addition to the grounds was completed in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Jeremiah Curtin House is a stone building built in 1846. It was the boyhood home of noted American linguist and folklorist Jeremiah Curtin  and is part of the Trimborn Farm estate in Greendale, Wisconsin. The house is owned by the Milwaukee County Historical Society and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The house is a two-story building with 18 in thick walls of Milwaukee County limestone and stucco. It is about 24.5 ft by 19 ft in plan. The house was restored in the 1930s in a Works Project Administration project but later was vandalized heavily. It was acquired by the Milwaukee County Historical Society in 1952.</p><br>
<p>In addition to its association with Jeremiah Curtin, it was deemed notable as it was believed to be the first stone dwelling in Greenfield Township and the oldest surviving structure in the area. It is also significant as a tangible representation of Irish immigration to the rural areas of Milwaukee County.</p><br>
<p>The NRHP nomination for the house asserts incorrectly that it was the birthplace for Jeremiah Curtin, but in fact he was born in Detroit in 1840.</p><br>
<p>The Nanling, also known as the Wuling, is a mountain range separating the Pearl River Basin from the Yangtze Valley and the dividing line between south and central subtropical zones, the mountains are a major mountain range in South China. The main range of Nanling Mountains stretch west to east about 600 km from Guilin and Hezhou of the eastern Guangxi to Ganzhou of the southern Jiangxi, north to south about 200 km from Yongzhou and Chenzhou of the southern Hunan to Qingyuan and Shaoguan of the northern Guangdong; With its branches, the whole mountains run west to east 1,400 km.</p><br>
<p>There are trough basins in the Nanling, the most of the western basins in Nanling Mountains are composed of limestone, where karst regions are located. the most of the eastern basins are made up of red sandstone, where are danxia landform areas. The Nanling are boundaries between the four provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi, and also the cultural boundaries, on the south of the mountains are Lingnan culture area.</p><br>
<p>The Nanling is a corridor where Chinese ethnic groups migrate and also the land of national amalgamation. In the Nanling, there form trough corridors, tectonic fault basins or watersheds, where are relatively low and not difficult to climb, between the natural gorge channels and the river systems in the north and south of the Nanling are natural channels, people-to-people exchanges are easy. Since the Qin dynasty, from the Central Plains into Lingnan (the south of the Nanling) there have been five ancient roads, which are YuechengLing Road(越城岭道), Mengzhuling Road (萌渚岭道), Qitianling Road (骑田岭道), Lingling-Guiyang Path (零陵桂阳峤道) and Dayuling Road (大庾岭道). At the same time, many tributaries of the Yangtze system and Pearl River system have also formed west to east passages.</p><br>
<p>The mountains forming the ranges are generally of moderate altitude, the highest point being the summit of Kitten Mountain at 2,142 m.</p><br>
<h2>Ranges</h2><br>
<p>The five mountain ranges that make up the Nanling are the:</p><br>
<p>Yuecheng Mountains</p><br>
<p>Dupang Mountains (都龐嶺)</p><br>
<p>Mengzhu Mountains (萌渚嶺)</p><br>
<p>Qitian Mountains (騎田嶺)</p><br>
<p>Dayu Mountains (大庾嶺), including Baiyun Mountain.</p><br>
<p>The Nanling Mountains separate Central China from South China. Areas south of the ranges are tropical in climate, permitting two crops of white rice to be grown each year.</p><br>
<p>Ion adsorption clays are mined by open-pit methods in the Nanling region, and form a major source of rare earth elements in the world.</p><br>
<p>The Guaranty Building, now called the Prudential Building, is an early skyscraper in Buffalo, New York. It was completed in 1896 and was designed by Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler.</p><br>
<p>Sullivan&#39;s design for the building was based on his belief that "form follows function". He and Adler divided the building into four zones. The basement was the mechanical and utility area. Since this level was below ground, it did not show on the face of the building. The next zone was the ground-floor zone which was the public areas for street-facing shops, public entrances and lobbies. The third zone was the office floors with identical office cells clustered around the central elevator shafts. The final zone was the terminating zone, consisting of elevator equipment, utilities and a few offices.</p><br>
<p>The supporting steel structure of the building was embellished with terra cotta blocks. Different styles of block delineated the three visible zones of the building. Writing in his Kindergarten Chats, Sullivan said that a tall building "must be every inch a proud and soaring thing, rising in sheer exultation that from bottom to top it is a unit without a single dissenting line."</p><br>
<h2>Building context</h2><br>
<p>The Guaranty was never meant to be the Guaranty Building. It was the brainchild of a Buffalonian businessman Hascal T. Taylor to construct a speculative office building in the developing downtown district called “The Taylor Building.” The untimely demise of Mr. Taylor as the project was reaching its apogee resulted in the Guaranty Construction Company, having been contracted to construct the structure, determining to take on the project alone. Although “The entrepreneur Hascal T. Taylor intended this building to be a monument to himself,” the eventual monument would symbolize Sullivan’s achievements much more than its creators. The site Taylor chose for his speculative office building was strategically located adjacent to the then County and City Municipal building as well as near a number of institutional structures. The intention was to attract high quality tenants such as lawyers through proximity, desirable amenities and the captivating design of an avant garde architect like Sullivan.</p><br>
<p>The Guaranty Building was not alone among major private building projects in Buffalo at the time. Two blocks away, the Ellicott Square Building was being built to be the largest retail building in the world. This structure, extant today exhibits an alternate exploration in the possibilities of new commercial urban architecture by Charles B. Atwood and Daniel Burnham.</p><br>
<p>As Buffalo’s downtown rose above Lake Erie, further feats of engineering were securing the future of the city and the built environment. Although earlier attempts had harnessed the power of nearby Niagara Falls, it was just after the Guaranty building was constructed in 1896 that the power was sent to Buffalo, illuminating the city with hydroelectricity.</p><br>
<p>Buffalo’s rise to prominence in the built environment was matched in the political. As the Guaranty building was being drafted, Grover Cleveland was re-elected 22nd president of the United States. A former Erie County Sheriff, Cleveland had risen meteorically to mayor of Buffalo, governor of New York and then the presidency within five years. His platform of reform against entrenched political machines, bossism, and patronage was desperately needed, especially in major urban centers such as New York and Chicago. Cleveland’s fiscal policies had resulted in his loss of the presidency in 1888, but the results of Benjamin Harrison’s interim term brought him back to the office in 1892. Curiously the panic of 1893 which ultimately destroyed the firm of Adler & Sullivan had destroyed Cleveland’s first presidential term, but also resulted in Cleveland’s return to office and the final commission of Adler & Sullivan in Buffalo.</p><br>
<h2>Plan</h2><br>
<p>While the exterior skin of the Guaranty expresses a new form for the steel skyscraper, its plan indicates those hard realities of function necessary to construct such a building and to sell it. The building is essentially a U-shaped plan stacked upon a rectangular solid. The interstitial spaces between wings of the “U” create opportunities to introduce skylights to the lobby below, and to cover the ceilings with stained glass. The plan contained a single vertical circulation core with four elevators, a mail slot, and staircase. No fire-stair was provided or necessary. The internal portion of the "U" faces south so as to collect light for the interior recesses of the building- light being a necessary commodity to attract good tenants. Sullivan spared nothing to accomplish this end for: "In order to increase the amount of light to the interior, the stairwell and the light slit facing the inner courtyard were lined with white glazed terra-cotta that was more costly than normal tiles."</p><br>
<p>The first and second floors are united both spatially and visually through additional staircases and the intention of retail occupation. Mechanical systems were relegated to the basement, including the motors for the elevators, boilers, and electrical "dynamos." Entrances were provided on both Church and Pearl Streets. A concierge desk offered services to tenants and guests including mail delivery.</p><br>
<p>Above the “base” of the building a series of office floors of identical plan were placed. These floors featured private lavatories in reconfigurable office spaces. The halls were defined by wood and glass partition walls, intended to give the interior a bright and “club” like feeling. The elevators and staircases were enclosed not by walls, but metal cages permitting southern light to penetrate through the circulatory systems and into the hallways.</p><br>
<p>The only exception to the rise of offices was the seventh floor with lavatories and a barbershop, and the top floor with a US Weather Service Bureau office and spaces for building attendants.</p><br>
<h2>Ornament</h2><br>
<p>The most remarkable problem for those wishing to cast Sullivan exclusively in the camp of proto-modernist designers is his steadfast and adroit insistence to ornament his buildings. Ornament is one of the most defining characteristics of the Guaranty as “The entire façade of this building is clothed in ornament, like hieroglyphs on the columns and walls of temples in ancient Egypt.”</p><br>
<p>Sullivan’s ornament is unmistakably original, but it is not without precedents in the contemporary tradition of the English Arts and Crafts movement. “The numerous parallels between Sullivan’s ornament and the architectural decoration of Furness make it clear that Sullivan’s ornament came directly from Furness and, through him, from earlier ornament by English architects.” (Sprague 1979) The context of his ornament is important as it was seen as a salient amenity for the attraction of tenants to his buildings. For all the “good taste” his ornament might project to the tenant of the 19th century, it situated his design within an anti-classicist categorization out of “good taste” in the 20th century. Ironically this change was precipitated by the World&#39;s Columbian Exposition where Sullivan was the only American to win a European design medal and the only American to offer non-classically inspired design.</p><br>
<p>The Guaranty, for all its evocative general expression of tectonics is equally as evocative at the scale of its modular terracotta components. “Here the balance of interest between the individuals and the group to which they belong is precarious, and the sheer number of compositional elements makes it difficult to attend to the individually.” (Andrew 1985) It is difficult to determine whether the ornament serves to reinforce the building or the building reinforces the ornament. The experiential effect of so much pattern and repetitive design is homogeneity in tension with the expression of individual components. Unlike the Wainwright building, where ornament is more directly patterned on historical forms and where spandrels are self differentiated, the Guaranty is almost brutal in the hierarchical treatment of and expression within its terracotta relief. Such conforming treatment is at odds with the supposedly democratic naturalism Sullivan claims for the design.</p><br>
<p>Especially near the base, ornamental patterns reflect the span and connection of underlying steel members. As the components rise, a rigid pattern is followed, story upon story until the cornice where the pattern explodes into an umbrageous tangle of leaves and vines, encapsulating the windows and reaching outward over the street below. The ornament tells the same story as the theory which created it: bottom, middle, top- light steel skeleton within.</p><br>
<p>The modulating ornament of the Guaranty also indicates the evolution of the medium for Sullivan as an artist. His initial explorations were inspired directly by contemporary work and historical precedent. Eventually his contact with Adler and work involving the “engineers aesthetic” led to more structurally expressive forms, and eventually to an art only his own, florid and organic. “From 1885 through 1889 Sullivan’s ornament lost much of its former angularity and became more sophisticated and luxuriant.” (Sprague 1979)</p><br>
<p>It is perhaps due to Sullivan’s experiences at the Ecole des Beaux Arts that his ornaments as well as his building are given so much expressive and didactic energy. “His evident haste in wanting to set down the architectural vision before it became blurred even in the slightest degree presumably derives from the method at the French school of working from, and staying as close as possible to, the esquisse.” (Sprague 1979) This is an idea he apparently held for designing ornamental elements as well. His sketch for a column capital at the Guaranty labeled “finis” indicates the level of development with which his draftsmen began work. While containing some specific information, the sketch indicates more a painterly composition than a design document.</p><br>
<p>Curiously, the process of design used by Sullivan to create such innovation was precisely that which prevented him from evolving his conception of plan and section to something his “modern” successors would explore. “In embracing the French theories of plan and esquisse, Sullivan remained firmly wedded to his time and place... By insisting upon the preeminence of plan, he could hardly have begun to imagine buildings with the spatial complexity of a Wright or a Le Corbusier.” (Sprague 1979)</p><br>
<h2>Comparison with the Wainwright Building</h2><br>
<p>Comparisons with the firm’s first major success in tall buildings, the Wainwright are instructive insofar as the refinements of the Guaranty are more evident. "Although this building is considered by critics to be the "twin" of the Wainwright Building, the elegance of the underlying steel-frame construction behind the red terra-cotta tiles is more apparent here than in the Wainwright." Unlike its predecessor, the entirety of street facades on the Guaranty are shrouded with the same material- red terracotta. Gone are the heavy corner piers of the Wainwright and in their place a constant rhythm of equal bays echoing the steel frame underneath. The two do share many traits: Simplicity of form, richness of detail. Red color not chaste white of renaissance typical buildings characterizes both buildings. The site for the Guaranty building is smaller than the Wainwright, yet called for an equivalent number of offices, resulting in an additional three stories. (Twombly 1986) Both the Guaranty and the Wainwright occupy corner lots.</p><br>
<p>"The Wainwright may indeed represent the single episode of most aesthetic consequence in the shift from the tall office building in masonry to its skeletal predecessor; yet not only does the masonry tradition persist in the Wainwright, ornament also assumes a traditional, even if exceptionally conspicuous, role in its design." It is an explainable transition piece. The Guaranty Building is a radical departure however from the masonry prototype. Ornament and "cladding" cover the surface of the Guaranty’s steel frame, a thin covering over a flexible skeleton. (de Wit 1986)</p><br>
<p>Critical reception of the Guaranty Building was quite strong upon its opening. The critic Barr Ferree in 1895 opined: "though possibly the most richly decorated commercial building in America, the skill of the artist has produced a design of structural sobriety with great richness of effect. This unity of structure and aesthetics has been attained he diagnosed, by the long unbroken vertical lines of the superstructure.’ Montgomery Schuyler knew of no steel-framed building in which the metallic construction is more palpably felt through the envelope of baked clay." (Twombly 1986)</p><br>
<p>The Wainwright building may fairly be said to have revolutionized the emergent form of the skyscraper, with ramifications felt for the next hundred years. The Guaranty Building is a refinement and perfection of the form which the Wainwright found, and its transfiguration into a spirit of design.</p><br>
<h2>Decline and restoration</h2><br>
<p>As was true of many older office buildings, the Guaranty Building was "modernized" during the mid-20th century. Fluorescent lighting, wood paneling and a dropped ceiling were installed in the historic lobby. The exterior storefronts were sheathed in fiberglass. A fire occurred in 1974, and by that time the building was dilapidated and threatened with demolition. Herculean efforts were made to save the building and the support of Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan was secured for its restoration. This restoration occurred in the early 1980s and was undertaken by architects CannonDesign In 2002, the building was purchased by law firm Hodgson Russ and it later became the firm&#39;s headquarters in 2008 office. The building underwent a further series of restorations totaling $15.6 million in the mid-to-late 2000s designed by Gensler Architects Washington, D.C, M/E Engineering, Buffalo, New York, and Flynn Battaglia Architects, Buffalo, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark status</h2><br>
<p>The building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Frösön  is the largest island in the lake Storsjön, located west of the city Östersund in Jämtland, Sweden. During most of recorded history the island was the regional centre of Jämtland.</p><br>
<p>Frösön is the location of the "Frösö Runestone", the northernmost raised runestone in the world, dating from 1030-1050 AD. Frösön was a separate köping until 1974 but was merged with Östersund at that time.</p><br>
<p>The island is named after the Norse god Freyr.</p><br>
<p>The Swedish composer Wilhelm Peterson-Berger had a summer house (and from 1930 a permanent home) on the island. In 1896 Peterson-Berger composed a set of piano pieces entitled Frösöblomster (Flowers of Frösön), and his opera Arnljot from 1910 is partly based on the runic inscriptions on Frösö Runestone.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Telegraph Bay or Kong Sin Wan , formerly known as Tai Hau Wan , is a bay in the west shore near Pok Fu Lam, between Sandy Bay and Waterfall Bay on the Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It is where the Cyberport is located.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early colonial days, the bay is marked as Taihowan Bay (variant of Tai Hau Wan). The name Telegraphy Bay suggested that it is where the telegraph cable linked to overseas in late 19th century by Cable and Wireless&#39; Hong Kong operations. The endermic species of Bauhinia blakeana was first discovered near the bay.</p><br>
<p>The indigenous name, Tai Hau Wan (大口灣), means big mouth bay. It is now usually referred to the north end of the bay as Tai Hau Wan (大口環), that is Sandy Bay (沙灣), a small bay in adjacent to. Note that character wan (灣, lit. bay) is mistakenly written as wan (環, lit. circle).</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Kholodilnik Mountain , is a mountain in eastern Russia. It is located in Primorsky Krai, and is in the highest peak within the city of Vladivostok.</p><br>
<p>Mount Kholodilnik (height 257.9, was-Mount Myravyov-Amursky) is the highest point in Vladivostok. Height is 297 meters. There are fortifications: Fort Count Muravyov - Amur Vladivostok fortress, five lettered fortress batteries and Soviet battery № 198 " Kholodilnik". Currently, some fortifications are abandoned, others are on the territory of the military unit.</p><br>
<p>Tourists want to visit this place to see the Soviet naval battery sample number 198 1935 years and four 130 - mm gun B- 13-3s. There are still buildings and cellars of the former fort of Major-General Count Nikolai Muravyov - Amursky. Many fortifications have long been abandoned, but some of them are now used by the military unit, which is located almost at the top of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>On the eastern slope of the hill there are many places for a picnic.</p><br>
<p>There is a spring of pure water.</p><br>
<p>Geologically the hills to the south of Vladivostok are the Sikhote-Alin.</p><br>
<p>Slopes on the mountain are used for the open championship of the Far East for downhill and cross-country.</p><br>
<p>It is also used by mountain paragliders.</p><br>
<p>So the rules are elements of air, the result of magical work on the hill Fridge is always weather changing.</p><br>
<p>Therefore, if the weather in city changes completely unexpected, for example suddenly among of the blue sky clouds are formed and it begins to rain, most likely the reason for that is in the magical effect on a hill Fridge.</p><br>
<p>Or, conversely, when the whole sky is overcast over the city, citizens can see in the sky a large circle of clear sky over the hill forts Refrigerator - It is an evidence of that at this moment being magical work is.</p><br>
<p>Entrance to the mountain, oddly enough, is under water. Every 3 years products are imported there in the event of war, then they "close" the entrance to this place. They say that the food will last for a whole year to feed the city of Vladivostok.</p><br>
<p>Mount Refrigerator is protected with naval vessels.</p><br>
<p>Cayo Norte, formlerly West Key or North East Key is the largest privately owned island in Puerto Rico and is currently the property of SVI Investments, Inc. The island is located about 0.6 nautical mile  northeast of Culebra Island. It lies 21 nautical miles  east of Puerto Rico and 12 nautical miles  west of St. Thomas, USA Virgin Islands. The island is part of the municipality of Culebra, Puerto Rico. It is the only privately owned island in the Culebra archipelago, and is not part of the Culebra National Wildlife Refuge as are most of the other nearby islands and cays.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Cayo Norte is the first island to starboard when traveling through the Virgin Passage from the Atlantic Ocean to the Caribbean Sea. It is somewhat oval in shape, with hills gently sloping to the sandy beaches on the south coast. The north coast is a rocky cliff. The highest elevation, located in the middle of the western half of the island, is at 340 ft. Its area is about 300 acres. The hills on the eastern half of the island are mostly covered with bushes (croton rigidus). There are wooded zones along the south coast, in the valleys and on the western slopes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1895, during the initial Spanish colonization of Culebra Island, title to Cayo Norte was ceded to José Morales and Francisco de los Santos. In 1902 title was conveyed to Leopoldo Padrón. Majority ownership of Cayo Norte stayed in the Padrón family until 2004. In 2006 100% ownership was acquired by SVI Investments, Inc., a family corporation, for use as a private retreat. Cayo Norte is the only island in the Culebra archipelago that was not subject to bombardment by the USA Navy. A study made for the USA Army Corps of Engineers in 2007 states that "Impact of Cayo Norte was planned but that difficulties clearing people and cows from the island kept it from being used for an impact area. No UXO has been identified on Cayo Norte."</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>The USA Fish and Wildlife Service identified a beach on the southcoast of Cayo Norte as a critical habitat for two species of endangered sea turtles, the hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) and the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas). There are no listed endangered species of fauna or flora in upland Cayo Norte.</p><br>
<p>Joyden&#39;s Wood is an area of ancient woodland located south-east of Bexleyheath and south-west of Dartford, on the border between South-East London and Kent. It is one of over 1,000 woodlands in the United Kingdom looked after by the Woodland Trust. The first records of a wood on this site go back to the year 1600.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>There are nine ponds in the wood, each of which is a habitat for all three British newts, the great crested newt, the smooth newt and the palmate newt.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>There are traces of settlements in the forest that are over 2,000 years old, and deneholes have been found. Faesten Dic, ‘the strong dike’, is a boundary feature built around 1,500 years ago by Saxon settlers; it runs for over a kilometre through the forest.</p><br>
<p>Archaeological investigation during the 1950s has also revealed that a medieval hall flanked by two smaller buildings was present in the area, now underneath an area of housing that is east of Summerhouse Drive and south of Joyden&#39;s Wood Road. The hall was likely constructed out of timber with a tiled roof, and the period of occupation has been dated to between circa 1280 and 1320 through an analysis of the pottery found at the site. This reflects the likelihood that the site was inhabited for about two generations, but no longer. It is possible that this building was the Manor of Ocholt, which is known from historical records to have been located nearby and which was owned by Lesnes Abbey. Some of the pottery sherds found were identified as belonging to grey ware produced in the Limpsfield area of Surrey; such Limpsfield ware was supplied to London and northern Kent, having also been found at nearby sites Cray House and Eynsford Castle.</p><br>
<p>The likely source of fresh water for the hall&#39;s inhabitants was a nearby well. A number of earthworks surrounded the hall, although the exact date of these has not been ascertained. Why the hall was abandoned is not clear, but possibilities include a failure in the water supply, a rapid impoverishment of the sandy soil found in the surrounding fields, or the impact of the Black Death. There was no archaeological evidence suggesting that the house might have been devastated by fire.</p><br>
<p>During the Second World War, two RAF Hawker Hurricane fighters crashed in the wood and some hollows visible in the wood are bomb craters.</p><br>
<h2>The estate</h2><br>
<p>Joydens Wood estate, officially an urban village and normally spelt without an apostrophe, is home to several thousand people, with local infant and junior schools. Two buses pass through the estate, the 429 ran by Go Coach Buses to Dartford (extended to Bluewater on Sundays) and to West Kingsdown via Swanley, as well as the B12 ran by Arriva for Transport for London to Erith via Bexleyheath. The closest railway stations are Bexley and Dartford, which both provide frequent services to Central London. There are two shopping parades, which among other amenities include a post office, butcher, pharmacy, library and petrol station.</p><br>
<p>Community groups that meet at the Joydens Wood Community Centre in Birchwood Drive include a pre-school, a Women&#39;s Institute and a table tennis club.</p><br>
<p>St Barnabas Church in Tile Kiln Lane has a multi-purpose building used both by the church and community groups. The scouts and guides have a hall; there is also a Freeholders Association.</p><br>
<p>Local authority administration of the estate is split between the London Borough of Bexley (west) and Dartford Borough Council in Kent (east; falling within the parish of Wilmington).</p><br>
<h2>Nearby Areas</h2><br>
<p>Joyden&#39;s Wood borders Dartford to the north, Wilmington to the north east and east, Hextable to the south east, Swanley to the south, Ruxley to the south west, North Cray to the west and Bexley to the north west.</p><br>
<p>Balawat  is an archaeological site of the ancient Assyrian city of Imgur-Enlil, and modern village in Nineveh Province . It lies 25 km southeast from the city of Mosul and 4 km to the south of the modern Assyrian town of Bakhdida.</p><br>
<h2>Ancient name</h2><br>
<p>Balawat is the site of the ancient Assyrian city of Imgur-Enlil. The meaning of Imgur-Enlil is "Enlil agreed". Note that there was also a wall in ancient Babylon named Imgur-Enlil.</p><br>
<h2>History of archaeological research</h2><br>
<p>The site was excavated in 1878 by archaeologist Hormuzd Rassam. The site was again excavated by Max Mallowan for the British School of Archaeology in Iraq in 1956. A surface survey was conducted by D. J. Tucker in 1989 for the British Museum. The town walls enclosed an area of around 64 hectares.</p><br>
<h2>Occupation history</h2><br>
<p>The city of Imgur-Enlil was founded by the Neo-Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II (884-859 BC). It lay 10 km up the Derrah river from the Tigris, where the city of Kalhu (Biblical Nimrud/Calah) was situated. Imgur-Enlil lay between the major Assyrian cities of Nineveh and Arrapha (modern Kirkuk) in the southeast along the royal Assyrian road. Ashurnasirpal II had already transferred the capital from Assur to Kalhu, and the foundation of Imgur-Enlil may have been a further step to knit up the Neo-Assyrian empire. Construction at the site continued under Ashurnasirpal II&#39;s son Shalmaneser III. The city existed for about two and a half centuries but was, like most Assyrian cities, sacked and destroyed by the Medes, Babylonians and Scythians during the fall of the Assyrian empire 614-605 BC.</p><br>
<h3>Post USA-Iraq War construction</h3><br>
<p>In November 2004, the village had roads constructed by the United States Army, which connected the modern Assyrian village to the ancient Assyrian city of Kalhu and the village of Bakhdida (Al Hamdaniyah.) The project was dubbed "Ninewa Village Roads Project" and was funded by the USA government. The contract to build the roads was given to the Ashour General Construction Contracting Company and cost $1,120,000.</p><br>
<h2>Material culture</h2><br>
<p>Aside from temples and palace buildings, the most important artifacts discovered there were the so-called Balawat Gates. The gates measured about 20 feet in height and belonged to the temple of Mamu, the god of dreams. These were made up of bronze bands attached through nails to two wooden gates of the palace. The bronze bands depict a sacrifice and war scenes from the campaigns of the Neo-Assyrian king Shalmaneser III (859-824 BC), and were the first depictions of landscape elements (such as trees and mountains) in Assyrian art.</p><br>
<p>Agden Reservoir is a water storage reservoir, situated at grid reference, 6.5 mi west of the centre of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. It is owned by Yorkshire Water which is part of the Kelda Group. The reservoir covers an area of 25 hectares and has a capacity of 559 million gallons  of water, the dam wall has a width of approximately 350 metres with a height of 30 metres.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is one of four which were built in the second half of the 19th century to collect water from the moorlands around the village of Low Bradfield, west of Sheffield, the other three being Damflask, Dale Dike and Strines reservoirs. Agden was completed in 1869 and is fed by Hobson Moss Dike and Emlin Dike which flow off the Broomhead and Bradfield moors respectively. The reservoir is surrounded mainly by coniferous woodland, however, Sheffield City Council who own much of the woodland have started a policy of replanting and thinning to encourage broadleaved varieties of trees which give a better habitat for wildlife and also look more attractive.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is ringed by a popular 3.5 mile (5.5 kilometre) walk which starts in the village of Low Bradfield and takes in Agden Bog which is a protected wetland area managed by Sheffield Wildlife Action Partnership on behalf of Yorkshire Wildlife Trust. The reservoir used to have a keeper&#39;s cottage at the western side of the dam wall, however this is now a private dwelling. There are the remains of several old buildings around the reservoir, Agden House was a farmhouse on the western side which was demolished in the 1970s, Rocher Head Farm was demolished in the early-1960s while Frost House was pulled down in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The Gauss Tower is a reinforced concrete observation tower on the summit of the Hoher Hagen in Dransfeld, Germany. The tower can be reached directly by car. A restaurant with a panoramic view is located inside the tower.</p><br>
<p>The tower is named for Carl Friedrich Gauss, who made the large triangle from the Hohen Hagen break into Inselsberg a basis of his survey of Hanover.</p><br>
<p>From 1909 to 1963, there had already been a Gaussturm nearby. It broke when a quarry was expanded too far in the 1950s.</p><br>
<h2>Data</h2><br>
<p>Construction period: 11 months</p><br>
<p>Completion: September 1964</p><br>
<p>Viewing platform: 528 m over NN</p><br>
<p>Tower height: 51 m</p><br>
<p>Foundation: 6 m deep, with a diameter of 13 m.</p><br>
<p>Diameter of tower shaft: 5 m</p><br>
<p>1st platform: 18 m (at a value of 14,5 m)</p><br>
<p>Top platform: 13 m</p><br>
<p>Elevator capacity: Maximum 8 persons</p><br>
<p>Travel time: 55 seconds</p><br>
<p>Emergency stairway: 225 steps, leading from the viewing platform to the entrance and/or the cellar</p><br>
<p>Shannon Pot or Legnashinna is a pool in the karst landscape near Cuilcagh Mountain in County Cavan, Ireland. An aquifer-fed naturally fluctuating pool, it is the traditional source of the River Shannon.</p><br>
<p>The pool itself is about 16 m wide. It was first explored by divers in 1971 to a depth of 6 m. It was later explored by Martyn Farr among others to a depth of 9.5 m from where the water emerges from a 2 m wide fissure. In early 2009 the pot was dived to a depth of 14.6 m by Artur Kozłowski, who entered an unstable chamber.</p><br>
<p>Towns and villages near the Shannon Pot include Dowra, Blacklion and Glangevlin.</p><br>
<h2>Folklore</h2><br>
<p>According to legend, the Shannon is named after Sionnan, who was the granddaughter of Manannán mac Lir, the god of the sea. She came to this spot to eat the forbidden fruit of the Tree of Knowledge, which was planted by the druids. As she began to eat it, the waters of the pool sprang up and overwhelmed her. She was drawn down into the pool and its water began to flow over the land, forming the River Shannon.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>Surveys have defined a 12.8 km&sup2; immediate catchment area covering the slopes of Cuilcagh. This area includes Garvagh Lough, 2.2 km to the northeast of the pot. Water from Garvagh drains into Pollnaowen sink, before emerging at Shannon Pot.</p><br>
<p>The highest point in the catchment is a spring at Tiltinbane on the western end of the Cuilcagh mountain ridge; this sources an unnamed stream which itself feeds into Shannon Cave. Further sinks that source the pot include Pollboy and, through Shannon Cave, Pollahune in County Cavan and Polltullyard and Tullyrrakeeragh in Fermanagh.</p><br>
<p>Surveys suggest that Shannon Pot may once have had a much bigger catchment area. In times of high flow it has been shown to be hydrologically linked to Badger Pot and Pigeon Pot located 10.6 km north of the Shannon Pot in the Cuilcagh Mountain near Florencecourt Forest Park, Fermanagh.</p><br>
<h2>Photography</h2><br>
<p>Shannon Pot, entrance gate.jpgEntrance gate to the Shannon pot, off R206</p><br>
<p>Shannon Pot, entrance gate sign.jpgSign at entrance to the Shannon pot</p><br>
<p>Shannon Pot, avenue.jpgAvenue leading up to Shannon Pot</p><br>
<p>Shannon Pot.jpgReputed source of the river Shannon; Shannon Pot</p><br>
<p>Cheat Mountain is an exceptionally high and rugged ridge situated in the Allegheny Mountains of eastern West Virginia, USA. It is about 50 mi long  and more than five miles  wide at its widest. Its highest point is at its southernmost end at Thorny Flat, which has an elevation of 4,848 ft. Several other knobs rise above 4,000 ft along its length.</p><br>
<p>The mountain was once home to the largest red spruce forest south of Maine and a large portion of it now lies within the Monongahela National Forest.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Cheat Mountain traverses the entire length of central Randolph County, West Virginia, from a northern point just west of Parsons to a southern point about 5.5 mi south of the Randolph/Pocahontas county line, near the community of Stony Bottom, where it impinges upon Back Allegheny Mountain. All but the northernmost 4 mi and the southernmost 5.5 mi are within Randolph County. The western flank of Cheat Mountain is skirted by USA Route 219 which connects a string of communities in the Tygart River Valley (notably, from north to south, Montrose, Kerens, Elkins, Beverly, Huttonsville and Valley Head). The eastern flank, overlooking the valley of Shavers Fork, is more remote. However, all but the northernmost 15 mi or so of it is skirted by the Western Maryland Railroad, connecting (from north to south) the communities of Bowden, Bemis and Cheat Bridge. Cheat Mountain is crossed (east/west) by two federal highways: USA Route 33 in its northern third and USA Route 250 in its southern third.</p><br>
<p>The Cheat River, a tributary of the Monongahela, is formed at Parsons, just east of the northern tip of Cheat Mountain, by the confluence of Shavers Fork and Black Fork.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Civil War</h3><br>
<p>Cheat Mountain was strategically important during the early Operations in Western Virginia campaign of the American Civil War. One engagement — the Battle of Cheat Mountain — took place here September 12–15, 1861.</p><br>
<p>Gen. Robert E. Lee directed his first offensive of the Civil War against Brig. Gen. Joseph Reynolds’s entrenchments on the summit of Cheat Mountain. The Confederate attacks were uncoordinated, however, and the Federal defense was so stubborn that Col. Albert Rust (who led the attacks) was convinced that he confronted an overwhelming force, when he actually faced only about 300 determined Federals. Lee called off the attack and, after maneuvering in the vicinity, withdrew to Valley Head on September 17, 1861. During the night of October 2–3, Reynolds with two brigades advanced from Cheat Mountain to reconnoiter the Confederate position at Camp Bartow on the Greenbrier River. He drove in the Confederate pickets and opened fire with his artillery. After sporadic fighting and an abortive attempt to turn his enemy’s right flank, Reynolds withdrew to Cheat Mountain. Also in October, Lee renewed operations against Laurel Mountain with the troops of Floyd and Loring, but the operation was called off because of poor communication and lack of supplies. Lee was recalled to Richmond on October 30 after achieving little in western Virginia.</p><br>
<p>In December, Confederate forces under Col. Edward Johnson occupied the summit of nearby Allegheny Mountain to defend the Staunton-Parkersburg Turnpike. A Union force under Brig. Gen. Robert Milroy attacked Johnson on December 13. Fighting continued for much of the morning as each side maneuvered to gain the advantage. Finally, Milroy’s troops were repulsed, and he retreated to his camps near Cheat Mountain. At the end of 1861, Johnson remained at Camp Allegheny with five regiments, with Henry Heth at Lewisburg with two regiments.</p><br>
<p>The highest Union camp of the War was located at Cheat Summit, also known as White Top, at the southern end of Cheat Mountain. This commanding stronghold controlled the Staunton-Parkersburg Turnpike as it passed west into the Tygart River Valley. Cheat Summit Fort (Fort Milroy) was occupied from July 16, 1861 until April 1862 when it was abandoned due to extremes of weather as well as strategic developments.</p><br>
<p>An account of the Civil War activity on Cheat Mountain can be found in Ambrose Bierce&#39;s article "".</p><br>
<h3>Logging era</h3><br>
<p>The West Virginia timber industry grew rapidly towards the turn of the 20th Century. In the early 1900s, Cheat was extensively timbered by the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company and their Cass operation, West Virginia Spruce Lumber Company. By 1905, the summit had been reached by loggers and by 1960 the mountain was virtually barren. The timbering of Cheat has been chronicled in many books. Notable is W. E. Blackhurst&#39;s Of Men and A Mighty Mountain (1965) which details how difficult life was on the mountain for the mostly immigrant workers of the lumber operation.</p><br>
<h3>Tourist era</h3><br>
<p>A state park and tourist service, Cass Scenic Railroad State Park, opened in 1960 and takes visitors up the side of Cheat Mountain to Bald Knob via the same route the logging railroad used in the 1900s. (Contrary to popular belief, Cass Railroad does not take visitors to the summit of Cheat Mountain, but rather the summit of the connected Back Allegheny Mountain.)</p><br>
<p>In 1974, the Snowshoe Mountain ski resort opened on the southern tip of Cheat Mountain near Thorny Flat.</p><br>
<p>Wigry  is a lake located in north-eastern part of Poland, in Podlaskie Voivodeship.</p><br>
<p>Wigry lake is situated in the forests of the Augustów Wilderness &ndash; trees grow on about 80% of its shoreline. There are 19 smaller and bigger islands on the lake, in its waters thrive as many as 26 species of fish including pike, trout and bass. The lake and its adjacent area belong to the Wigry National Park which means there are several regulations which ought to be respected by tourists. Wigry is also regarded as the so-called “zone of silence”. Tents and bonfires are allowed only in designated areas.</p><br>
<p>The lake is revered by canoeing and yachting aficionados. Wigry, as well as the Czarna Hańcza River, are part of a famous canoe trail of John Paul II.</p><br>
<p>Wigry is also the name of a Polish youth bicycle popular in the 1970s and the 1980s, as well as the name of a Polish 3rd Division soccer team &ndash; Wigry Suwałki.</p><br>
<p>The Chuya Steppe in the Siberian Altai Mountains is a depression formed by tectonic movement of major faults in the Earths crust. The name Chuya Steppe comes from the large river which runs through the steppe, the Chuya River.</p><br>
<h2>Major settlements</h2><br>
<p>Kosh-Agach is a major village in the north of the steppe. Other large settlements include Chaganuzun and Beltir.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Chuya Steppe is filled with Cenozoic sediments, derived from the surrounding mountains of the Chuya Range-Chuya Alps.</p><br>
<h2>Seismicity</h2><br>
<p>The 7.3 Altai earthquake shook South Central Siberia with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Exteme), causing $10.6–33 million in damage, three deaths, and five injuries.</p><br>
<p>Pink Mountain is an unincorporated community in British Columbia, Canada. Nestled in the Rocky Mountain foothills, the town is located 113 miles  NW of Fort St. John and 140 miles  NW of Dawson Creek, on Mile 143 of the Alaska Highway. Approximately 100 people inhabit the community.</p><br>
<p>Only part of the mountain itself, aptly named after the pinkish burnt rock seams which it is locally famed for, has been designated provincial park status. Located 10 miles (16 km) south-west of Mile 147, Pink Mountain Provincial Park is one of the region&#39;s designated areas for wildlife. However, because much of the park area is on a fairly steep slope, it is only sparsely covered with vegetation and is not suitable butterfly habitat. Prime butterfly habitat for the rare arctic butterflies in the southernmost part of their range is threatened by the proposed development of a wind farm with its large concrete footprint. The park’s primary role is to protect a significant palaeontological site containing examples of large marine fossils from the Mesozoic Era, including the largest ichthyosaur ever discovered.</p><br>
<p>Pink Mountain is also the only place in the province where wild plains bison roam. The 1000 plus bison found roaming the area are not naturally occurring, but rather descendants of an escaped herd of 50 from those imported by local guide and outfitter R. Lynn Ross in 1968.</p><br>
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